{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:59:36Z","timestamp":1788562776639,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors affecting the conversion from posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)\u2010retaining (CR) to PCL\u2010substituting (PS) prostheses during total knee arthroplasty (TKA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 920 TKAs, which had been preoperatively planned to undergo implantation of CR\u2010type prostheses, were reviewed retrospectively. Of these, 83\u00a0knees (9.0 %) were converted intraoperatively to PS prostheses. The clinical and radiological factors of the non\u2010converted (CR) and converted (PS) groups were compared. Clinically, age, gender, body mass index, angle of flexion contracture, size of the femoral component, and thickness of the polyethylene insert were compared between the CR and PS groups. Radiologically, the severity of the varus deformity and the posterior tibial slope angle (PSA) were compared between the CR and PS groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, range of motion, thickness of the polyethylene insert, or severity of varus deformity were identified. The average preoperative angle of flexion contracture was 5.9\u00b0 \u00b1 7.4\u00b0 in the CR group and 8.1\u00b0 \u00b1 9.1\u00b0 in the PS group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). The average preoperative PSA was 9.6\u00b0 \u00b1 4.0\u00b0 in the CR group and 11.0\u00b0 \u00b1 5.0\u00b0 in the PS group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.018). The conversion rates to a PS\u2010type femoral component of size C, D, and E were 13.1, 7.0, and 6.3 %, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The conversion rate from CR\u2010 to PS\u2010type prostheses was high in patients with severe flexion contracture, steep posterior slope, and a small femoral component size. These factors should be carefully considered for appropriate selection of prosthesis type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3971-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T10:11:00Z","timestamp":1451988660000},"page":"3247-3253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Intraoperative factors affecting conversion from cruciate retaining to cruciate substituting in total knee arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dae Kyung","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery College of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 23\u00a0Kyunghee\u2010daero, Dongdaemun\u2010gu 024447 Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Jun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery College of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 23\u00a0Kyunghee\u2010daero, Dongdaemun\u2010gu 024447 Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery College of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 23\u00a0Kyunghee\u2010daero, Dongdaemun\u2010gu 024447 Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery College of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 23\u00a0Kyunghee\u2010daero, Dongdaemun\u2010gu 024447 Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery College of Medicine Kyung Hee University 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