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Nonsurgical treatments such as physiotherapy, anti\u2010inflammatory medications, and other disease\u2010modifying drugs all have modest and short\u2010lasting effect. In this context, the biological approaches have recently gained more and more attention. Growth factors, blood derivatives, such as platelet concentrates, and mesenchymal adult stem cells, either expanded or freshly isolated, are advocated amongst the most promising tool for the treatment of OA, especially in the early phases. Primarily targeted towards focal cartilage defects, these biological agents have indeed recently showed promising results to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in patients with more advanced OA as well, with the final aim to halt the progression of the disease and the need for joint replacement. However, despite of a number of satisfactory in vitro and pre\u2010clinical studies, the evidences are still limited to support their clinical efficacy in OA setting.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Level of evidence<\/jats:italic> V.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4125-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T12:12:21Z","timestamp":1461845541000},"page":"1826-1835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Regenerative approaches for the treatment of early OA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"de Girolamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"II Orthopedic Division and NanoBiotechnology Lab Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Filardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"II Orthopedic Division and NanoBiotechnology Lab Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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