{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T07:41:23Z","timestamp":1779090083591,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the management of torsional humeral shaft fractures in a group of expert shoulder and elbow surgeons and analyse the rate of return to sport of these throwing athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey was sent to all physician members of two prominent sports medicine professional associations: the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and the Herodicus Society. Due to the rare nature of this injury, a historical survey of management and return to play was performed to allow analysis of trends in treatment and return to play after both non\u2010operative and operative management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The survey was emailed to 858\u00a0physician members. Out of the 95 respondents, 35 surgeons indicated they had treated\u2009\u2265\u20091 torsional humeral shaft fractures in throwing athletes (average 1.7 per surgeon). A total of 72 fractures were recorded with an average age of 20.4 years and the majority being male (68\/72). Eighty\u2010one percent (58\/72) of the fractures were classified as simple spiral. Sixty\u2010one percent (44\/72) of the fractures were treated non\u2010operatively, while 35% (25\/72) of the fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Patient age, return to sport rate and level, type of fracture, and fracture healing time did not significantly differ based on treatment type. Average time to return to sport was significantly shorter for patients who underwent ORIF compared to non\u2010operative treatment (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Overall, 48 (92.3%) of the 52 athletes returned to sport, with 84% (36\/43) returning to the same level of play.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Torsional humeral shaft fractures in throwers are most commonly seen in young men and can be treated both operatively and non\u2010operatively with overall similar results for healing time, rate of non\u2010union, and return to sport. The only significant difference in the groups was an earlier return to sports in those fixed surgically, however, operative intervention also yielded a higher complication rate. Regardless of the treatment method, the overall rate of return to play was moderate. These finding are clinically relevant and can assist physicians with decision making for treatment and can help when advising throwers of appropriate expectations for recovery after this injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T06:03:38Z","timestamp":1571033018000},"page":"4049-4054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Operative treatment of torsional humeral shaft fractures in throwers leads to an earlier return to sport: a survey of expert shoulder and elbow surgeons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Burak","family":"Altintas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Steadman Philippon Research Institute 181 West Meadow Drive Suite 1000 81657 Vail CO USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Steadman Philippon Research Institute 181 West Meadow Drive Suite 1000 81657 Vail CO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Boykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> EmergeOrtho, Blue Ridge Division 75B Livingston St. 28801 Asheville NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Millett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Steadman Philippon Research Institute 181 West Meadow Drive Suite 1000 81657 Vail CO USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> The Steadman Clinic 181 West Meadow Drive Suite 400 81657 Vail CO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.016345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GoslerMW TestrooteM MorrenhofJ JanzingHM(2012)Surgical versus non\u2010surgical interventions for treating humeral shaft fractures in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD008832","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008832.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00703440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131\u2010200711101\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260021401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000222719.52619.2c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503259354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264\u2010016\u20103210\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173634"}],"container-title":["Knee 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Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T10:56:13Z","timestamp":1760871373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-019-05733-7","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Burak Altintas' position at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute was supported by Arthrex, Inc. He received an ON\/AOSSM grant. Nicole Anderson was a Steadman Philippon Research Institute employee. Robert Boykin reports fees from Smith and Nephew for consulting, educational speaking and product development. He is in the scientific advisory board of Avadim Health and reports stock options. Peter J. Millett reports consultant fees and royalties from Arthrex, Medbridge, Springer Publishing; stocks from VuMedi. Research activities supported by the Steadman Philippon Research Institute and Vail Valley Medical Center. This research was supported by the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit institution supported financially by private donations and corporate support form the following entities: Smith & Nephew Endoscopy, Arthrex, Siemens Medical USA, Ossur Americas, and Vail ValleyMedical Center.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"IRB approval is not required for studies where data about the subjects is obtained without interaction with them or intervention, where no identifiable information about the subjects of the research is utilized, and no informed consent of human subjects is required. This study meets all criteria for IRB exemption given this was a survey study of expert surgeons regarding their management of this pathology.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}