{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:29:37Z","timestamp":1777652977956,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to three\u2010dimensionally analyse the size and shape of the femoral posterior condyles of the normal knee.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 62 healthy Japanese volunteers (37\u00a0males and 25 females) providing a sample of 124\u00a0normal knee joints, who had no knee\u2010related symptoms and no history of major trauma, underwent computed tomography scans of the bilateral femur and tibia. Three\u2010dimensional digital models of the femur were constructed from computed tomography data using visualisation and modelling software. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) the radii of the posterior condyles approximated to spheres and (2) the inclination angle of the posterior condyles in the coronal plane of the femoral coordinate system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The radii of the medial and lateral condyles approximated to spheres were 17.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 and 17.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u00a0mm, respectively and were not different. The inclination angles of the medial and lateral condyles in the coronal plane were\u2009\u2212\u20090.6\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u00b0 and 9.7\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7\u00b0, respectively. The medial condyle was almost vertical, whereas the lateral one was medially tilted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found an asymmetrical inclination between medial and lateral condyles. This may be related to the asymmetrical motion of the knee, which is known as medial pivot motion. This finding provides valuable morphological information and may be useful for implant designs for total knee arthroplasty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-05856-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:03:27Z","timestamp":1580688207000},"page":"3858-3864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The inclination of the femoral medial posterior condyle was almost vertical and that of the lateral was tilted medially"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sho","family":"Hokari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4856-074X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Tanifuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Department of Health Sciences Niigata University School of Medicine Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoharu","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Katsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Niigata Medical Center Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010200107000\u201000023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010008\u20100440\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010199011000\u201000018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FanL XuT LiXMorphologic features of the distal femur and tibia plateau in Southeastern Chinese population: a cross\u2010sectional 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All subjects were provided informed consent to participate in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}