{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:39:03Z","timestamp":1790692743095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traumatic lesions of articular cartilage represent a crucial risk factor for osteoarthritis. Even if several strategies exist to treat such damages, the optimal solution has not yet been found. A new strategy represents the scaffold\u2010free spheroid\u2010based autologous chondrocyte transplantation. In this method, spheroids of chondrocytes are synthesized after chondrocyte isolation and expansion, followed by the implantation in a second intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fine Jamshidi\u2010needle biopsies from five patients (one from each patient, \u00d8 2\u00a0mm) treated with a spheroid\u2010based autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) after traumatic lesions of the articular cartilage of the knee were analysed histologically and immunohistologically for collagen II, collagen X and aggrecan expression. The indication for a second look arthroscopy was given by arthrofibrosis or meniscus\u2010lesions, respectively. The time between ACI and second\u2010look arthroscopy ranged between 6 and 16\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all patients, the histological examinations revealed an avascular cartilage tissue with a homogenic extracellular matrix. The subchondral bone neither showed bleeding, necrosis nor hypertrophy. A homogenous alcian blue staining indicated high amounts of mucopolysaccharides and glycosaminoglycans. Collagen II staining was highly positive, whereas collagen X staining was negative in every patient, ruling out hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation. In addition, intense aggrecan staining indicated a strong expression of this extracellular matrix component.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present case series represents the first histological and immunohistological analyses of spheroid\u2010based ACI in humans. Spheroid\u2010based ACI revealed excellent histological results regarding the regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage. These results indicate that spheroid based ACI is a promising strategy for treating traumatic lesions of the articular cartilage of the knee.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-05976-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T01:02:26Z","timestamp":1586480546000},"page":"417-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Excellent histological results in terms of articular cartilage regeneration after spheroid\u2010based autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Grevenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Departement for Orthopaedic Surgery University Medical Centre of Cologne Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Mamilos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> REPAIR\u2010Lab, Institute of Pathology University of Regensburg Franz\u2010Josef\u2010Strau\u00df Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker H.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Cardiology I, Centre for Cardiology University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Niedermair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> REPAIR\u2010Lab, Institute of Pathology University of Regensburg Franz\u2010Josef\u2010Strau\u00df Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willi","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Departement for Radiology University Medical Centre Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. James","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>5<\/label>--> Department of Biomaterials Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4296-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Brochhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> REPAIR\u2010Lab, Institute of Pathology University of Regensburg Franz\u2010Josef\u2010Strau\u00df Allee 11 93053 Regensburg 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June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"There was no funding for this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"This study is approved by th Institutional Review Board of the University Regensburg (ID-number: 19-1558-104).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}