{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:03:43Z","timestamp":1776510223714,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surgeons must rely on manufacturers to provide an appropriate distribution of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) sizes. There is a lack of literature regarding current appropriateness of tibial sizing schemes according to sex. As such, a study was devised assessing the adequacy of off\u2010the\u2010shelf tibial component size availability according to sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A search was conducted to identify all primary TKAs between July 2012 and June 2019 performed using a single implant. Baseline patient characteristics were collected (age, weight, height, BMI, and race). Two cohorts were created according to patient sex. Tibial sizes for each cohort were collected. Tibial component bar graph and histogram were created according to component sizes. Skewness and kurtosis were calculated for each distribution. Overhang was noted and measured radiographically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 864 patients were identified, 38.7% males and 61.3% females. Most patients were Caucasian, and BMI was similar between cohorts. Tibial size distribution for males was as follows: 0.3% C, 4.8% D, 16.5% E, 40.1% F, 31.4% G, 6.9% H. Tibial size distribution for females was as follows: 30.8% C, 42.8% D, 23.0% E, 2.6% F, 0.8% G, 0.0% H. Histograms and normal curves demonstrated a fairly symmetric distribution of sizes for males (skewness\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.31, kurtosis\u2009=\u2009\u2212 0.03). The distribution for females was positively skewed (skewness\u2009=\u20090.57, kurtosis\u2009=\u20090.12). Overall, overhang was noted in 16.6% of all size C tibias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study highlight an implant\u2010specific discrepancy in size availability affecting female patients which could result in inferior outcomes. The authors urge manufacturers to critically assess current implant size distribution availability to ensure both genders are adequately, and equally represented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06082-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T11:03:42Z","timestamp":1591959822000},"page":"3164-3169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lack of small tibial component size availability for females in a highly utilized total knee arthroplasty system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1043-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon P.","family":"Garceau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedics Surgery\u2013Adult Joint Reconstruction NYU Langone 301 E 17th Street, suite 1402 10003 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Insall\u2010Scott\u2010Kelly Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Enns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedics Surgery\u2013Adult Joint Reconstruction NYU Langone 301 E 17th Street, suite 1402 10003 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Insall\u2010Scott\u2010Kelly Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg M.","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Insall\u2010Scott\u2010Kelly Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron I.","family":"Weinblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Insall\u2010Scott\u2010Kelly Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay K.","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedics Surgery\u2013Adult Joint Reconstruction NYU Langone 301 E 17th Street, suite 1402 10003 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedics Surgery\u2013Adult Joint Reconstruction NYU Langone 301 E 17th Street, suite 1402 10003 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Insall\u2010Scott\u2010Kelly Institute New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","unstructured":"AkagiM OhM NonakaT TsujimotoH AsanoT HamanishiCAn anteroposterior axis of the tibia for total knee arthroplasty.Clin Orthop Relat 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April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The senior author, William J. Long, has received royalties and\/or served as a paid speaker or consultant for the following companies: Ortho Development, Microport, J&J, Convatec, Think Surgical, Pacira, Depuy, and TJO.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No funding was provided for this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Institutional research ethics board approval was sought and obtained at St. Francis Hospital (IRB # 20-20) prior to the commencement of this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}