{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:10:22Z","timestamp":1793059822999,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009026","name":"Smith and Nephew","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009026","name":"Smith and Nephew","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation DFG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define the bony attachments of the medial ligaments relative to anatomical and radiographic bony landmarks, providing information for medial collateral ligament (MCL) surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The femoral and tibial attachments of the superficial MCL (sMCL), deep MCL (dMCL) and posterior oblique ligament (POL), plus the medial epicondyle (ME) were defined by radiopaque staples in 22\u00a0knees. These were measured radiographically and optically; the precision was calculated and data normalised to the sizes of the condyles. Femoral locations were referenced to the ME and to Blumensaat\u2019s line and the posterior cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The femoral sMCL attachment enveloped the ME, centred 1\u00a0mm proximal to it, at 37\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00a0mm (normalised at 53\u2009\u00b1\u20092%) posterior to the most\u2010anterior condyle border. The femoral dMCL attachment was 6\u00a0mm (8%) distal and 5\u00a0mm (7%) posterior to the ME. The femoral POL attachment was 4\u00a0mm (5%) proximal and 11\u00a0mm (15%) posterior to the ME. The tibial sMCL attachment spread from 42 to 71\u00a0mm (81\u2013137% of A\u2010P plateau width) below the tibial plateau. The dMCL fanned out anterodistally to a wide tibial attachment 8\u00a0mm below the plateau and between 17 and 39\u00a0mm (33\u201376%) A\u2010P. The POL attached 5\u00a0mm below the plateau, posterior to the dMCL. The 95% CI intra\u2010observer was \u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0mm, inter\u2010observer \u00b1\u20091.3\u00a0mm for digitisation. The inter\u2010observer ICC for radiographs was 0.922.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bone attachments of the medial knee ligaments are located in relation to knee dimensions and osseous landmarks. These data facilitate repairs and reconstructions that can restore physiological laxity and stability patterns across the arc of knee flexion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06139-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T15:02:25Z","timestamp":1596207745000},"page":"3709-3719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The bone attachments of the medial collateral and posterior oblique ligaments are defined anatomically and radiographically"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"K. 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May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"AAA: grant from Smith & Nephew Co, paid to a research account of Imperial College London; Paid speaker of Smith & Nephew Co. KKA: Supported by a grant from Smith & Nephew Co. SB: No conflicts of interest. SS: No conflicts of interest. AW: Director of Fortius Clinic; Director of Innovation Orthopaedics; Paid speaker of Smith & Nephew Co. LW: Supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation DFG.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was funded by a grant from Smith & Nephew Co, paid to a research account of Imperial College London. LW was supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation DFG.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Imperial College London School of Medicine ICHTB HTA licence 12275, application R15092-1A.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This ethical permit covered the informed consent of tissue bank donors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}