{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:03:22Z","timestamp":1790208202299,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To document clinical and radiological results of arthroscopic matrix\u2010assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) combined with bone grafting for the treatment of knee osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) at long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one knees in 29 patients (20.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7 years) were treated for symptomatic unfixable OCD lesions (2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and prospectively evaluated at 2, 5, and 12 years (average, minimum 10 years). Patients were evaluated over time with IKDC subjective score, EQ\u2010VAS, and Tegner scores. Failures were also documented. At the final follow\u2010up, MRI evaluation was performed in 14\u00a0knees with the MOCART 2.0 score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beside 4 early failures, an overall clinical improvement was documented: the IKDC subjective score improved from 39.9\u2009\u00b1\u200916.8 to 82.1\u2009\u00b1\u200917.0 and 84.8\u2009\u00b1\u200917.2 at 2 and 5 years, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005), and remained stable for up to 12 years (85.0\u2009\u00b1\u200920.2). EQ\u2010VAS and Tegner scores presented similar trends, but patients did not reach their original activity level. Worse results were obtained for lesions bigger than 4\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. At MRI evaluation, subchondral bone abnormalities were detected in over 85% of knees at long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arthroscopic bone grafting followed by MACT for unfixable knee OCD can offer a promising and stable clinical outcome over time in lesions smaller than 4\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, with a low failure rate of 13%. Persistent subchondral alterations were documented at long\u2010term MRI evaluation, suggesting the limits of this approach to regenerate the osteochondral unit in patients affected by knee OCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06230-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1597734169000},"page":"1830-1840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Matrix\u2010assisted chondrocyte transplantation with bone grafting for knee osteochondritis dissecans: stable results at 12 years"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Andriolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli, 1 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli, 1 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sante Alessandro","family":"Altamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli, 1 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1523-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Boffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli, 1 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Poggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli, 1 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Busacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Centro di Riferimento di Radiologia in Attivit\u00e0 di Ricerca IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Zaffagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli, 1 40136 Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Filardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna Italy"},{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, EOC Lugano Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2001.25336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603518758435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603518786557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AndrioloL RealeD Di MartinoA BoffaA ZaffagniniS FilardoGCell\u2010free scaffolds in cartilage knee surgery: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of clinical evidence.Cartilage(2019)10.1177\/1947603519852406194760351985240631166117","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603519852406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00099-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410063311401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514526695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9201492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507299932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FilardoG AndrioloL AngeleP BerrutoM BrittbergM CondelloVet al. 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The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Hospital Ethics Committee and Internal Review Board of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy (prot. gen. n. 39667) approved this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}