{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:48:50Z","timestamp":1783054130900,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is two\u2010fold: (1) to describe the femoral reference point of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) on a virtual true lateral radiograph reconstructed from a three\u2010dimensional computed tomography (3D\u2010CT) image and (2) to compare this point with that of patients without patellofemoral instability and with Sch\u00f6ttle\u2019s point.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 26 consecutive patients (29 affected knees) with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD), who underwent MPFL reconstruction were included in this study (4\u00a0males; 22 females; mean age, 24.0 years old). Using a true lateral 3DCT image, the MPFL femoral insertion was identified and marked with a 2\u2010mm circle, and this image was reconstructed as a virtual true lateral radiograph. Following Sch\u00f6ttle\u2019s method, the point of intersection was described by their anterior\u2013posterior and proximal\u2013distal positions. As a control population, 29 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries were also analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The points in RPD patients were located significantly posterior (\u20102.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) to the line representing an extension of the posterior cortex of the femur and distal (\u2212 6.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) to the posterior origin of the medial femoral condyle compared with those in the control population. The mean reference point of RPD patients was located in a 3.8\u2010mm posterior and 4.4\u2010mm distal position compared with Sch\u00f6ttle\u2019s point.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An anatomical and radiographic femoral reference point of the MPFL on a true lateral virtual radiograph was described with our method. In patients with RPD, this reference point was identified to be more posterior and distal to Sch\u00f6ttle\u2019s point. More anatomical and individualized MPFL reconstruction will be secured using our method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06403-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T06:14:29Z","timestamp":1610950469000},"page":"3809-3817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Application of a true lateral virtual radiograph from 3D\u2010CT to identify the femoral reference point of the medial patellofemoral ligament"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masakazu","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Artificial Joints and Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical &amp; Health Sciences Hiroshima 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