{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:22:01Z","timestamp":1773292921484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous investigations suggested that femoral side\u2010to\u2010side differences were located in the upper femur anatomy. However, little is known about the asymmetry between distal femur and patella. The degree of bony asymmetry in the patellofemoral joint was evaluated using pairs of CT\u2010scans with emphasis on morphometric measurements and risk factors relevant to patellofemoral disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellofemoral morphometric parameters and anatomical risk factors were analyzed from 345 pairs of CT scans to evaluate side\u2010to\u2010side differences for each patient. All measurements were automatized using previously published algorithm\u2010calculated bone landmarks. We analyzed asymmetry based on absolute differences (AD) and percentage asymmetry (AS%). Significant asymmetry was defined as AS%\u2009&gt;\u200910%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellar height was found to be highly symmetric (mean AD 0.1 for both Insall\u2010Salvatti and Caton\u2010Deschamps methods, AS% 8% and 9%, respectively). Patellar and femoral morphometric parameters were found highly symmetric, except for the trochlear groove depth. Substantial asymmetry was reported in two patellofemoral risk factors: the lateral trochlear inclination (mean AD 2\u00b0, AS% 16%) and the tibial tuberosity\u2010trochlear groove distance (1\u00a0mm, 116%). Patellar and femoral morphometric asymmetries were independent of demographics, including age, gender, height, weight and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patellar height was found to be highly symmetric and is, therefore, a reasonable index for contralateral templating. While very few patellofemoral morphometric parameters and anatomical risk factors were asymmetric, the mean differences were clinically negligible and independent of demographics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06413-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T15:44:02Z","timestamp":1610725442000},"page":"3793-3799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bony asymmetry in patellofemoral morphology and risk factors of instability are mostly clinically negligible"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7629-5560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Dagneaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier University 371 Av du Doyen Gaston Giraud 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid Rahmatullah","family":"Bin Abd Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> SingHealth Duke\u2010NUS Musculoskeletal Sciences Academic Clinical Programme 20 College Road, Academia Level 4 169865 Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Laumonerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery H\u00f4pital Pierre\u2010Paul Riquet Place du Docteur Baylac 31059 Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Faizhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Stryker Mahwah NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"LiArno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Stryker Mahwah NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wellings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Stryker Mahwah NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Ollivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>5<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Aix Marseille University, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Institute of Movement and Locomotion 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29 13274 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>5<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology St. Marguerite Hospital, Aix Marseille University, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Institute of Movement and Locomotion 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 29 13274 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u2010285\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010014\u20103195\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100838.2009.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010001\u20100276\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Patella infera. 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June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"One or more of the authors declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: S.L., P.W., and A.F. are employees of Stryker. M.O. has received consulting fees from Arthrex, Newclip Technics, and Stryker. LD received a research scholarship grant from the French Society of Orthopaedic Surgery (SOFCOT) and from the University of Montpellier in 2019, that is not related to this work. PL and CJ: no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Each author certifies that his institution has approved the reporting of these cases, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research. This manuscript contains a study with human participants, which has been approved by our institutional ethics committee (2019-A00912533).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}