{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:29:32Z","timestamp":1789961372161,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the return to sport after surgical treatment of shoulder injuries in professional goalkeepers in relationship with the mechanism of injury and the pattern of related shoulder lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six shoulders in nineteen elite male professional soccer goalkeepers were retrospectively analyzed considering multiple diseases (instability, rotator cuff, biceps or other tendon injuries). Data was collected for injury modality and context, pathological findings, surgical procedures, time, level of return to sport, and complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanism of injury was \u201cmild trauma without contact\u201d in 46% of the cases and 54% of injuries happened during training. 11 patients (42%) reported multiple pattern lesions and 9 patients (35%) classic anterior instability lesions. The mean time for return to differentiated training and unrestricted sport activity was 14 and 20.2 weeks, respectively. 15 athletes (62.5%) reported 100% return to sport, 4 (16.7%) to 90%, 1 (4.2%) to 85%, 3 (12.5%) to 80% and 1 athlete to 50%, stopping professional activity. 21% of the cases reported the persistence of some shoulder symptoms. 3 cases experienced a new injury. Patients with classic anterior instability had significantly lower age (30.7 vs 19.8 years, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.001), experienced injury in different context and reported symptoms more frequently compared to multiple lesion patients (4\/8 vs 0\/10, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Professional elite goalkeepers which required shoulder surgery for different causes demonstrated high\u2010rate level of return to play despite the persistence of mild symptoms. The high frequency of multiple lesions, patients\u2019 characteristics, injury context and mechanism, increase the concern for injuries in overstressed shoulder for this category of sport.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06637-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T23:30:08Z","timestamp":1623713408000},"page":"3943-3950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Elite professional goalkeepers report high rate of sport resumption after shoulder surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Castagna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20090 Milan Italy"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS via Manzoni 56, Rozzano 20089 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2749-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20090 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Volpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS via Manzoni 56, Rozzano 20089 Milan Italy"},{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> FC Internazionale Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>5<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology Casilino Hospital Via Casilina 1049 00169 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS via Manzoni 56, Rozzano 20089 Milan Italy"},{"name":"<!--<label>6<\/label>--> Shoulder and Sport Medicine Unit Miulli Hospital Strada Prov. 127 Acquaviva, Santeramo Km, 4, 100, Acquaviva delle Fonti 70021 Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery 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