{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:25:17Z","timestamp":1789194317156,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyse the coronal alignment of a large population of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty using a modern classification of the knee phenotypes found in a population of non\u2010osteoarthritic individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five hundred and four navigated total knee arthroplasties were included in the OA group. The following angles were measured with a computer image\u2010free navigation system: mechanical femorotibial angle measured on the medial side without stress and with maximum manual stress to reduce deformation, and medial distal femoral mechanical angle. The native medial distal femoral and medial proximal tibial angles (coronal orientation of the femoral or tibial joint line after correction of wear) were calculated. The data were analysed as categorical data. These data were then compared with those published in a non\u2010arthritic population, considered as a control non\u2010OA group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The main criterion was the percentage of subjects with normal overall coronal alignment, defined by the association of a normal native medial distal femoral angle and a normal native medial proximal tibial angle. The secondary criteria were the percentages of subjects with normal medial femorotibial mechanical angle, normal native medial distal femoral angle and normal native medial proximal tibial angle. The influence of gender on primary and secondary criteria in the study group was analysed. The most frequent phenotypes in the study group were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normal overall coronal alignment was found in 66 patients in the OA group (12.7%) and 76 patients in the non\u2010OA\u2010group (24.7%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 after adjustment by gender). There were fewer normal patients in the OA\u2010group than in the non\u2010OA\u2010group for medial femorotibial mechanical angle, native medial distal femoral angle and native medial proximal tibial angle.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In females, there were significantly fewer normal medial femorotibial mechanical angle. In males, there were significantly more cases with native medial distal femoral varus and in females more cases with native medial distal femoral valgus. There was no significant influence of gender on native medial proximal tibial angle. There was a wider distribution of the phenotypes in the OA\u2010group than in the non\u2010OA\u2010group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The distribution of functional phenotypes of the knee in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty is different from those found in a reference non\u2010osteoarthritic population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level III\u2014retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06687-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T11:02:47Z","timestamp":1628679767000},"page":"2609-2616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Functional knee phenotypes of OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty are significantly more varus or valgus than in a non\u2010OA control group"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9146-9792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Yves","family":"Jenny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> P\u00f4le Locomax University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg University 1 avenue Moli\u00e8re 67200 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Baldairon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> P\u00f4le Locomax University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg University 1 avenue Moli\u00e8re 67200 Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Hirschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Liestal, Laufen) 4101 Bruderholz Switzerland"},{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010011\u20101936\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968\u20100160(01)00111\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010019\u201005506\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010019\u201005507\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010019\u201005508\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010019\u201005509\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447\u201020190424\u201002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010198501000\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010198501000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670510041303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2005.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.18.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010018\u20105041\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"The varus osteoarthritic knee has no coronal contractures in 90 degrees of flexion","volume":"30","author":"McAuliffe MJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Knee 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