{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T23:28:15Z","timestamp":1780788495664,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"KAKENHI from grants\u2013in\u2013aid for scientific research in Japan society for the promotion of science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to (1) measure the kinematics of lower extremity alignment and the bony position relative to the ground during walking, focusing on the coronal plane, and (2) determine the correlation between the kinematics and coronal inclination of the medial tibial plateau (coronal inclination) for healthy and varus knee osteoarthritis (OA).\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 43 women (non\u2010OA, 9\u00a0knees; early OA, 13\u00a0knees; advanced OA, 21\u00a0knees; mean age 58\u2009\u00b1\u200917 years) were examined. The knee phenotypes in varus knee OA were varied. Three\u2010dimensional (3D) knee kinematics were calculated in gait analysis by combining the motion capture system and the 3D lower extremity alignment assessment system via biplanar long\u2010leg X\u2010rays, applying the 3D\u20132D registration technique. The main parameters were the kinematics of the bony axes relative to the ground in the coronal plane during the stance phase of the gait. The differences in overall kinematics were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey\u2019s post hoc test. The association between kinematic parameters and coronal inclination was evaluated by multiple linear regression after univariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tibia tilted laterally during the loading response, and a plateau area subsequently appeared until the terminal stance phase, whereas the femur slowly tilted laterally until the terminal stance phase. The dynamic alignment showed a relatively large varus angular change during the loading response in all groups. The trend of motion was similar among all groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009n.s.), although to varying degrees. The coronal inclination was the more dominant factor than the Kellgren\u2013Lawrence (K\u2013L) grades (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.423, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) when the change in dynamic alignment was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TAA plateau area after the loading response implies that the tibial articular surface may become horizontal. The femur slowly tilted laterally until the terminal stance phase in response to the tibial motion. Consequently, the dynamic alignment showed a varus angular change, in which coronal MCT was more involved than K\u2013L grades.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07019-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T09:04:13Z","timestamp":1654247053000},"page":"4162-4172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The coronal inclination of the medial tibial plateau affects coronal gait kinematics for varus osteoarthritic knees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2565-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoharu","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata City, Niigata Japan"},{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> National Institute of Technology, Tsuruoka College Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Tanifuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata City, Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Department of Health and Sports, Faculty of Health Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsutoshi","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Niigata Institute for Health and Sports Medicine Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaei","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Niigata Institute for Health and Sports Medicine Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science 1\u2010757 Asahimachi\u2010dori Chuo\u2010ku 951\u20108510 Niigata City, Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> National Institute of Technology, Tsuruoka College Yamagata 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