{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1780376527595,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trochlear dysplasia is an independent risk factor for recurrent patellar instability with evidence demonstrating its presence in up to 85% of patients with patellar instability. Severe trochlear dysplasia can be treated with trochleoplasty to improve engagement of the patella in the trochlear groove and prevent future dislocations. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcome of Bereiter trochleoplasty in patients with recurrent patellar instability and severe trochlear dysplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective case series of all trochleoplasties performed in our institution from 2008\u20132019. All clinical records and pre\u2010operative MRI scans were reviewed to assess for trochlear dysplasia, tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove distance (TTTG) and patella height using patella trochlear index (PTI). Trochlear dysplasia was classified using Dejour classification. Incidence of re\u2010dislocation, infection, arthrofibrosis, chondral necrosis and re\u2010operation were recorded. All patients were invited to complete a post\u2010operative visual analog score for pain (VAS\u2010P) and Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010eight trochleoplasties were performed in fifty patients during this period. All trochleoplasties were combined with additional procedures. 93% had concomitant medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstructions and 47% had tibial tuberosity transfer. The mean follow\u2010up period was 36.8\u00a0months. The rate of dislocation and arthrofibrosis were 5% each. There were no chondral necrosis or nonunion. The mean post\u2010operative BPII was 58.4 and VAS\u2010P was 30.4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bereiter trochleoplasty, often combined with MPFL reconstruction and\/or tibial tuberosity transfer results in low re\u2010dislocation and complication rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T10:09:13Z","timestamp":1666346953000},"page":"2494-2499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Low re\u2010dislocation rate following Bereiter trochleoplasty for recurrent patellar instability with severe trochlear dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1827-9647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimmy","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Royal Derby Hospital Uttoxeter Rd DE22 3NE Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Broomfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Royal Derby Hospital Uttoxeter Rd DE22 3NE Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Royal Derby Hospital Uttoxeter Rd DE22 3NE Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navjot","family":"Bhangoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Royal Derby Hospital Uttoxeter Rd DE22 3NE Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Geutjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Royal Derby Hospital Uttoxeter Rd DE22 3NE Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"The bone graft wedge in the treatment of habitual dislocation of the patella","volume":"88","author":"Albee FH","year":"1915","journal-title":"Med Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.90B7.20447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010016\u20104365\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Die Trochleaplastik als chirurgische Therapie der rezidivierenden Patellaluxation bei Trochleadysplasie des Femurs","volume":"7","author":"Bereiter H","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthroskopie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010005\u20100015\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513484895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119864868"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2020.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264\u2010009\u20100933\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","article-title":"Validation of digital visual analog scale pain scoring with a traditional paper\u2010based visual analog scale in adults","volume":"2","author":"Delgado DA","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","first-page":"678","article-title":"Retro\u2010trochlear wedge reduction trochleoplasty for the treatment of painful patella syndrome with protruding trochleae. Technical note and early results","volume":"88","author":"Goutallier D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178\u2010019\u201009537\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.88B10.17834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516644605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520958423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517745625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010017\u20104584\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515597679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.99B3.37884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010019\u201003244\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.87B4.14768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167\u2010015\u20103698\u20101"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T14:10:47Z","timestamp":1760883047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07201-1","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust research and audit committee with the reference number of UHDBS131.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Obtained and provided.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}