{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:16:12Z","timestamp":1791998172216,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To (1) develop a deep\u2010learning (DL) algorithm capable of producing limb\u2010length and knee\u2010alignment measurements, and (2) determine the association between limb\u2010length discrepancy (LLD), coronal\u2010plane alignment, osteoarthritis (OA) severity, and patient\u2010reported knee pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter, prospective patient cohort from the Osteoarthritis Initiative between 2004 and 2015 with full\u2010limb standing radiographs at 12\u00a0month follow\u2010up was included. A convolutional neural network was developed to automate measurements of the hip\u2013knee\u2013ankle (HKA) angle, femur, and tibia lengths, and LLD. At 12\u00a0month follow\u2010up, patients reported their frequency of knee pain since enrollment and current level of knee pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1011 patients (2022\u00a0knees, 52.3% female) with an average age of 61.2\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0 years were included. The algorithm performed 12,312\u00a0measurements in 5.4 h. ICC values of HKA and LLD ranged between 0.87 and 1.00 when compared against trained radiologist measurements. Knees producing pain most days of the month were significantly more varus (mean HKA:\u2212 3.9\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u00b0) or valgus (mean HKA:2.8\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u00b0) compared to knees that did not produce any pain (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In varus knees, those producing pain on most days were part of the shorter limb compared to nonpainful knees (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Baseline Kellgren\u2013Lawrence grade was significantly associated with HKA magnitude, LLD, and pain frequency at 12\u00a0month follow\u2010up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 all).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A higher frequency of knee pain was associated with more severe coronal plane deformity, with valgus deviation being one degree less than varus on average, suggesting that the knee tolerates less valgus deformation before symptoms become more consistent. Knee pain frequency was also associated with greater LLD and baseline KL grade, suggesting an association between radiographically apparent joint degeneration and pain frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IV case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T04:06:42Z","timestamp":1668139602000},"page":"586-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Radiographic findings involved in knee osteoarthritis progression are associated with pain symptom frequency and baseline disease severity: a population\u2010level analysis using deep learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0363-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle N.","family":"Kunze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Jun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Weill Cornell College of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Weill Cornell College of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Mayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Vigdorchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Jerabek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin T.","family":"Fragomen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Limb Lengthening and Complex Reconstruction Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Sculco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street 10021 New York NY USA"},{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010015\u20104326\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10530"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568\u2010018\u20100016\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JangSJ KunzeKN VigdorchikJM JerabekSA MaymanDJ SculcoPKJohn charnley award: deep learning prediction of hip joint center on standard pelvis radiographs.J Arthroplast(2022)10.1016\/j.arth.2022.03.033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999\u2010017\u20105477\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.103B2.BJJ\u20102020\u20101050.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010020\u201001192\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","volume-title":"U\u2010net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger O","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2510","key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","article-title":"A deep learning tool for automated radiographic measurement of acetabular component inclination and version after total hip arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Rouzrokh P","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS\u201022\u201007\u2010403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.2020200198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","unstructured":"SeaboldS PerktoldJ(2010)Statsmodels: econometric and statistical modeling with python.Paper presented at: proceedings of the 9th python in science conference (SCIPY 2010) June 28\u2010July 3 Austin TX USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046\u20103758.83.BJR\u20102018\u20100208.R2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201087141\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551\u2010018\u20100305\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020192003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076\u20106332(03)00671\u20108"}],"container-title":["Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:41:31Z","timestamp":1760874091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-022-07213-x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-2056","1433-7347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-2056","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-7347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent\/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was conducted using a public de-identified online database (Osteoarthritis Initiative) for secondary data analysis. The creation of the database was approved by the institutional review board at the respective institutions involved in the OAI.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}