{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:26:14Z","timestamp":1792812374798,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012680","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In professional football (soccer), Achilles tendon ruptures are severe injuries. Video analysis promotes a better understanding of the underlying situational and biomechanical patterns, and provides a roadmap for future research to improve the management and prevention of Achilles tendon ruptures. The purpose of this study was to identify injury patterns contributing to acute Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football players.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Professional male football players with an acute Achilles tendon rupture were identified using an online database. For every in\u2010competition injury, the corresponding football match was detected. Video footage of the injury was accessed using Wyscout.com or publicly available video databases. Situational patterns and injury biomechanics of the injury frame were independently analysed by two reviewers using a standardised checklist and a motion analysis software. Finally, consensus was reached to describe the main injury patterns of Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football players.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search identified video footage of 80 Achilles tendon ruptures in 78 players. Most injuries (94%) occurred through indirect or non\u2010contact mechanisms. The kinematic analysis revealed characteristic joint positions at the time of injury consisting of hip extension, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, foot abduction, and foot pronation in most cases. The underlying direction of movement was from flexion to extension (knee) and from plantarflexion to dorsiflexion (ankle). Player actions identified as main injury patterns were stepping back (26%), landing (20%), running\/sprinting (18%), jumping (13%), and starting (10%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football players are closed\u2010chain indirect or non\u2010contact injuries. Sudden loading to the plantarflexor musculotendinous unit remains to be the main component for most cases. By achieving a better understanding of underlying injury mechanisms, this study provides new strategies for the prevention of Achilles tendon ruptures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level IV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07384-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T13:02:52Z","timestamp":1680008572000},"page":"2236-2245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Video analysis of Achilles tendon ruptures in professional male football (soccer) reveals underlying injury patterns and provides strategies for injury prevention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hoenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Martinistra\u00dfe 52 20251 Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Hollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--> Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Department of Sports Injury Prevention VBG, German Statutory Accident Insurance for the Administrative Sector Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9195-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl\u2010Heinz","family":"Frosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Martinistra\u00dfe 52 20251 Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ueblacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery University Medical 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