{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:47:58Z","timestamp":1780667278513,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knee surg. sports traumatol. arthrosc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and radiographic and clinical outcomes of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis treated with open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). We hypothesised that medial condyle BMD would decrease and lateral condyle BMD would increase after OWHTO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 51 patients (mean age: 65.3 years; female: 40, male: 11) treated with OWHTO were prospectively enrolled. Several angles using whole single\u2010leg radiographs were measured preoperatively and up to 24\u00a0months postoperatively. Five square tibial regions of interest (ROI) located below the proximal tibia as T1\u2013T5 from medial to lateral regions and two square femoral ROI as F1 and F2 from medial and lateral regions, respectively, were defined. M\/L BMD ratio was used to define the medial\u2010to\u2010lateral condyle BMD ratio. Femoral condyle BMD (F1 and F2) around the knee, as well as lumbar spine, and ipsilateral and contralateral femoral neck BMD, were measured before OWHTO and 3, 6, 12 and 24\u00a0months after OWHTO using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry. Furthermore, tibial condyle BMD (T1\u2013T5) around the knee was measured before and 24\u00a0months after OWHTO. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Knee Society knee and function scores, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and the Lysholm score preoperatively and 24\u00a0months postoperatively. A power analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>F1 BMD decreased by 19.2% from before to 3\u00a0months postoperatively. F2 BMD did not change up to 24\u00a0months after OWHTO. Femoral M\/L BMD ratio decreased by 22.2% 3\u00a0months after OWHTO. T1 BMD and tibial M\/L BMD ratio decreased, whilst T3, T4 and T5 BMD increased 24\u00a0months after OWHTO. Mean hip\u2013knee\u2013ankle angle (HKA) and weight\u2010bearing line ratio were corrected from \u2212\u20096.8\u00b0 to 4.5\u00b0 and 14.7 to 60.7%, respectively, postoperatively. Lumbar spine BMD did not change up to 12\u00a0months postoperatively. Ipsilateral femoral neck BMD decreased up to 6\u00a0months after OWHTO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medial femoral condyle BMD decreased rapidly within 3\u00a0months and continued to decrease up to 12\u00a0months, but lateral femoral condyle BMD did not change after OWHTO. BMD measurements around the knee condyle enabled the evaluation of the changes in stress distribution before and after OWHTO with accelerated rehabilitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07539-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T03:02:30Z","timestamp":1692241350000},"page":"4910-4919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bone mineral density around the knee after open wedge high tibial osteotomy measured up to 24\u00a0months in 51 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Akamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>1<\/label>--> Department of Joint Surgery Fureai Yokohama Hospital 2\u20103\u20103, Bandai\u2010cho, Naka\u2010ku 231\u20100031 Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--><!--<institution-id institution-id-type=\"ROR\">https:\/\/ror.org\/010hfy465<\/institution-id>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yokohama City University Hospital Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--><!--<institution-id institution-id-type=\"ROR\">https:\/\/ror.org\/010hfy465<\/institution-id>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yokohama City University Hospital Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"<!--<label>3<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Mitsuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--><!--<institution-id institution-id-type=\"ROR\">https:\/\/ror.org\/010hfy465<\/institution-id>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yokohama City University Hospital Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kusayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--<label>2<\/label>--><!--<institution-id institution-id-type=\"ROR\">https:\/\/ror.org\/010hfy465<\/institution-id>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yokohama City University Hospital Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"<!--<label>4<\/label>--> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086\u2010199701000\u201000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080699"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the 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