{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:10:18Z","timestamp":1783509018863,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]],"date-time":"2007-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1178582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]],"date-time":"2007-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1178582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Geod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-007-0157-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,7]],"date-time":"2007-05-07T11:50:45Z","timestamp":1178538645000},"page":"65-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Least-squares variance component estimation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"P. J. G.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"Amiri-Simkooei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9453(2003)129:1(37)","volume":"129","author":"AR Amiri-Simkooei","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amiri-Simkooei AR (2003) Formulation of L1 norm minimization in Gauss\u2013Markov models. J Surv Eng 129(1):37\u201343","journal-title":"J Surv Eng"},{"key":"157_CR2","unstructured":"Amiri-Simkooei AR, Tiberius CCJM, Teunissen PJG (2006) Noise characteristics in high precision GPS positioning. In: VI Hotine-Marussi symposium of theoretical and computational geodesy: challenge and role of modern geodesy, 29 May\u20132 June, Wuhan University, China"},{"key":"157_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amiri-Simkooei AR (2007) Least-squares variance component estimation: theory and GPS applications, Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology, Publication on Geodesy, 64, Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Delft","DOI":"10.54419\/fz6c1c"},{"issue":"1","key":"157_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-006-0026-8","volume":"11","author":"AR Amiri-Simkooei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amiri-Simkooei AR, Tiberius CCJM (2007) Assessing receiver noise using GPS short baseline time series. GPS Solutions 11(1):21\u201335","journal-title":"GPS Solutions"},{"key":"157_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amiri-Simkooei AR, Tiberius CCJM, Teunissen PJG (2007) Assessment of noise in GPS coordinate time series: methodology and results. J Geophys Res (in press). doi:10.1029\/2006JB004913","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JB004913"},{"key":"157_CR6","unstructured":"Baarda W (1973) S-Transformations and criterion matrices, Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Publ. on Geodesy, New Series, Vol. 5(1), Delft"},{"key":"157_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7152(86)90054-4","volume":"4","author":"M Berkane","year":"1986","unstructured":"Berkane M, Bentler PM (1986) Moments of elliptically distributed random variates. Statist Probab Lett 4:333\u2013335","journal-title":"Statist Probab Lett"},{"key":"157_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-004-0390-5","volume":"78","author":"W Bischoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bischoff W, Heck B, Howind J, Teusch A (2005) A procedure for testing the assumption of homoscedasticity in least squares residuals: a case study of GPS carrier-phase observations. J Geod 78:397\u2013404","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"12","key":"157_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-006-0024-1","volume":"79","author":"W Bischoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bischoff W, Heck B, Howind J, Teusch A (2006) A procedure for estimating the variance function of linear models and for checking the appropriateness of estimated variances: a case study of GPS carrier-phase observations. J Geod 79(12):694\u2013704","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"157_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bock Y (1998) Medium distance GPS measurements. In: Teunissen PJG, Kleusberg A (eds) GPS for geodesy, 2nd edn. Springer, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-72011-6_12"},{"issue":"2","key":"157_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00012839","volume":"4","author":"P Bona","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bona P (2000) Precision, cross correlation, and time correlation of GPS phase and code observations. GPS Solutions 4(2):3\u201313","journal-title":"GPS Solutions"},{"key":"157_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s001900050242","volume":"73","author":"FK Brunner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brunner FK, Hartinger H, Troyer L (1999) GPS signal diffraction modelling: the stochastic SIGMA-\u0394 model. J Geod 73:259\u2013267","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"157_CR13","unstructured":"Caspary WF (1987) Concepts of network and deformation analysis. school of surveying, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, pp 97\u2013111"},{"key":"157_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1139\/geomat-1990-0004","volume":"44","author":"YQ Chen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chen YQ, Chrzanowski A, Kavouras M (1990) Assessment of observations using minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE). CISM J ACSGS 44:39\u201346","journal-title":"CISM J ACSGS"},{"key":"157_CR15","first-page":"173","volume":"73","author":"N Crocetto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Crocetto N, Gatti M, Russo P (2000) Simplified formulas for the BIQUE estimation of variance components in disjunctive observation groups. J Geod 73:173\u2013179","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"157_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efron B, Tibshirani RJ (1993) An introduction to the bootstrap. Chapman & Hall\/CRC","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-9"},{"key":"157_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00806368","volume":"65","author":"HJ Euler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Euler HJ, Goad C (1991) On optimal filtering of GPS dual frequency observations without using orbit information. Bull Geod 65:130\u2013143","journal-title":"Bull Geod"},{"key":"157_CR18","unstructured":"Fotopoulos G (2003) An analysis on the optimal combination of geoid, orthometric and ellipsoidal height data, PhD thesis, Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"157_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-005-0449-y","volume":"79","author":"G Fotopoulos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fotopoulos G (2005) Calibration of geoid error models via a combined adjustment of ellipsoidal, orthometric and gravimetric geoid height data. J Geod 79(1\u20133):111\u2013123","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"1","key":"157_CR20","first-page":"60","volume":"1","author":"GP Gerdan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gerdan GP (1995) A comparison of four methods of weighting double difference pseudo range measurements. Trans Tasman Surv 1(1):60\u201366","journal-title":"Trans Tasman Surv"},{"key":"157_CR21","unstructured":"Gianniou M (1996) Genauigkeitssteigerung bei kurzzeit-statischen und kinematischen Satellitenmessungen bis hin zu Echtzeitanwendung. PhD-thesis, Deutsche Geodaetische Kommission, Reihe C, No. 458, Muenchen"},{"key":"157_CR22","first-page":"407","volume":"2","author":"EW Grafarend","year":"1985","unstructured":"Grafarend EW (1985) Variance\u2013covariance component estimation: theoretical results and geodetic applications. Statist Decis Suppl 2:407\u2013441","journal-title":"Statist Decis Suppl"},{"key":"157_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1646-6","volume-title":"Elliptically contoured models in statistics","author":"AK Gupta","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gupta AK, Varga T (1993) Elliptically contoured models in statistics. Kluwer, Dordrecht"},{"key":"157_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen PC (1998) Rank-deficient and discrete Ill-posed problems: numerical aspects of linear inversion (Siam Monographs on Mathematical Modeling and Computation), Philadelphia","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898719697"},{"key":"157_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2307\/2286796","volume":"72","author":"DA Harville","year":"1977","unstructured":"Harville DA (1977) Maximum likelihood approaches to variance component estimation and to related 2097 problems. J Am Statist Assoc 72:320\u2013340","journal-title":"J Am Statist Assoc"},{"key":"157_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463300013357","volume":"49","author":"XX Jin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jin XX, de Jong CD (1996) Relationship between satellite elevation and precision of GPS code observations. J Navig 49: 253\u2013265","journal-title":"J Navig"},{"key":"157_CR27","unstructured":"Jonkman NF (1997) Integer GPS-ambiguity estimation without the receiver-satellite geometry. MGP-Series, No. 18, Delft University of Technology"},{"key":"157_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118164860","volume-title":"Statistical tests for mixed linear models","author":"AI Kuhri","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuhri AI, Mathew T, Sinha BK (1998) Statistical tests for mixed linear models. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"157_CR29","first-page":"264","volume":"85","author":"KR Koch","year":"1978","unstructured":"Koch KR (1978) Sch\u00e4tzung von varianzkomponenten. Allgemeine Vermessungs Nachrichten 85:264\u2013269","journal-title":"Allgemeine Vermessungs Nachrichten"},{"key":"157_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02522340","volume":"60","author":"KR Koch","year":"1986","unstructured":"Koch KR (1986) Maximum likelihood estimate of variance components. Bull G\u00e9od 60:329\u2013338","journal-title":"Bull G\u00e9od"},{"key":"157_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03655135","volume":"12","author":"KR Koch","year":"1987","unstructured":"Koch KR (1987) Bayesian inference for variance components. Manuscr Geod 12:309\u2013313","journal-title":"Manuscr Geod"},{"key":"157_CR32","volume-title":"Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in linear models","author":"KR Koch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koch KR (1998) Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing in linear models. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"157_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-002-0245-x","volume":"76","author":"KR Koch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koch KR, Kusche J (2002) Regularization of geopotential determination from satellite data by variance components. J Geod 76:259\u2013268","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"157_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02521994","volume":"95","author":"K Kubik","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kubik K (1970) The estimation of the weights of measured quantities within the method of least squares. Bull G\u00e9od 95:21\u201340","journal-title":"Bull G\u00e9od"},{"key":"157_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5194\/adgeo-1-81-2003","volume":"1","author":"J Kusche","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kusche J (2003) Noise variance estimation and optimal weight determination for GOCE gravity recovery. Adv Geosci 1:81\u201385","journal-title":"Adv Geosci"},{"key":"157_CR36","unstructured":"Lawson CL, Hanson RJ (1974) Solving least-squares problems. Prentice-Hall, Series in Automatic Computation"},{"key":"157_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s001900050173","volume":"72","author":"JR Lucas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lucas JR, Dillinger WH (1998) MINQUE for block diagonal bordered systems such as those encountered in VLBI data analysis. J Geod 72:343\u2013349","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"157_CR38","unstructured":"Magnus JR (1988) Linear structures. London School of Economics and Political Science, Charles Griffin & Company LTD, London, Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"157_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JB900033","volume":"104","author":"A Mao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mao A, Harrison CGA, Dixon TH (1999) Noise in GPS coordinates time series. J Geophys Res 104:2797\u20132816","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"157_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.14490\/jjss.33.215","volume":"33","author":"Y Maruyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maruyama Y, Seo T (2003) Estimation of moment parameters in elliptical distributions. J Japan Statist Soc 33(2):215\u2013229","journal-title":"J Japan Statist Soc"},{"key":"157_CR41","unstructured":"Myers RH (1986) Classical and modern regression with applications. Duxburry Press"},{"key":"157_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02519147","volume":"63","author":"Z Ou","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ou Z (1989) Estimation of variance and covariance components. Bull G\u00e9od 63:139\u2013148","journal-title":"Bull G\u00e9od"},{"key":"157_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03655295","volume":"16","author":"Z Ou","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ou Z (1991) Approximative Bayes estimation for variance components. Manuscr Geod 16:168\u2013172","journal-title":"Manuscr Geod"},{"key":"157_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson HD, Thompson R (1971) Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal. Biometrika 58","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/58.3.545"},{"issue":"2","key":"157_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-4296.2004.tb00348.x","volume":"51","author":"RS Radovanovic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Radovanovic RS, El-Sheimy N, Teskey WF (2004) Variance-covariance modeling of atmospheric errors for satellite-based network positioning. J Inst Navig 51(2):161\u2013170","journal-title":"J Inst Navig"},{"key":"157_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-259X(71)90001-7","volume":"1","author":"CR Rao","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rao CR (1971) Estimation of variance and covariance components\u2014MINQUE theory. J Multivar Anal 1:257\u2013275","journal-title":"J Multivar Anal"},{"key":"157_CR47","volume-title":"Generalized inverses of matrices and its applications","author":"CR Rao","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rao CR, Mitra SK (1971) Generalized inverses of matrices and its applications. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"157_CR48","unstructured":"Rao CR, Kleffe J (1988) Estimation of variance components and applications, Vol. 3, North Holland, Series in Statistics and Probability"},{"key":"157_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao CR, Toutenburg H (1995) Linear models: least squares and alternatives, Springer Series in Statistics","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0024-1"},{"key":"157_CR50","unstructured":"Rao PSRS (1997) Variance component estimation: mixed models, methodologies and applications. Chapman & Hall"},{"key":"157_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02033189","volume":"66","author":"M Sahin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sahin M, Cross PA, Sellers PC (1992) Variance component estimation applied to satellite laser ranging. Bull G\u00e9od 66:284\u2013295","journal-title":"Bull G\u00e9od"},{"issue":"286","key":"157_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1179\/sre.2002.36.286.582","volume":"36","author":"C Satirapod","year":"2002","unstructured":"Satirapod C, Wang J, Rizos C (2002) A simplified MINQUE procedure for estimation of variance\u2013covariance components of GPS observables. Surv Rev 36(286):582\u2013590","journal-title":"Surv Rev"},{"key":"157_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02519222","volume":"62","author":"B Schaffrin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schaffrin B, Bock Y (1988) A unified scheme for processing GPS dual-band observations. Bull Geod 62:142\u2013160","journal-title":"Bull Geod"},{"issue":"9","key":"157_CR54","first-page":"382","volume":"108","author":"LE Sj\u00f6berg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6berg LE (1983) Unbiased estimation of variance\u2013covariance components in condition adjustment with unknowns\u2014a MINQUE approach. ZfV 108(9):382\u2013387","journal-title":"ZfV"},{"key":"157_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03655059","volume":"9","author":"LE Sj\u00f6berg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6berg LE (1984) Non negative variance component estimation in the Gauss-Helmert adjustment model. Manuscr Geod 9:247\u2013280","journal-title":"Manuscr Geod"},{"key":"157_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG (1985) Generalized inverses, adjustment, the datum problem and S-transformations. In: Grafarend EW, Sanso F. (eds) Optimization and design of geodetic networks","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70659-2_3"},{"key":"157_CR57","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG (1988) Towards a least-squares framework for adjusting and testing of both functional and stochastic model. Geodetic Computing Centre, Delft, MGP Series No. 26, 2004 (Reprint 1988)"},{"issue":"3","key":"157_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03655400","volume":"15","author":"PJG Teunissen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG (1990) Nonlinear least-squares. Manus Geod 15(3):137\u2013150","journal-title":"Manus Geod"},{"key":"157_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s001900050152","volume":"72","author":"PJG Teunissen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG (1998) The ionosphere-weighted GPS baseline precision in canonical form. J Geod 72:107\u2013117","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"2","key":"157_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000033","volume":"2","author":"PJG Teunissen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG, Jonkman NF, Tiberius CCJM (1998) Weighting GPS dual frequency observations: bearing the cross of cross-correlation. GPS Solutions 2(2):28\u201337","journal-title":"GPS Solutions"},{"key":"157_CR61","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG (2000) Adjustment theory: an introduction. Delft University Press, Delft University of Technology, Series on Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning"},{"key":"157_CR62","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG, Amiri-Simkooei AR (2006) Variance component estimation by the method of least-squares. In: VI Hotine-Marussi symposium of theoretical and computational geodesy: challenge and Role of Modern Geodesy 29 May\u20132 June, Wuhan University, China"},{"key":"157_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiberius CCJM (1998) Recursive data processing for kinematic GPS surveying. Publications on Geodesy, No. 45 Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Delft, The Netherlands","DOI":"10.54419\/rj5k5u"},{"issue":"2","key":"157_CR64","first-page":"49","volume":"10","author":"CCJM Tiberius","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tiberius CCJM, Jonkman N, Kenselaar F (1999) The stochastics of GPS observables. GPS World Innon 10(2):49\u201354","journal-title":"GPS World Innon"},{"key":"157_CR65","unstructured":"Tiberius CCJM, Borre K (2000) Time series analysis of GPS observables. Proc. ION-GPS2000, 1885\u20131894"},{"issue":"277","key":"157_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1179\/sre.2000.35.277.441","volume":"35","author":"CCJM Tiberius","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tiberius CCJM, Kenselaar F (2000) Estimation of the stochastic model for GPS code and phase observables. Surv Rev 35(277): 441\u2013454","journal-title":"Surv Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"157_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9453(2003)129:1(11)","volume":"129","author":"CCJM Tiberius","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tiberius CCJM, Kenselaar F (2003) Variance component estimation and precise GPS positioning: case study. J Surv Eng 129(1):11\u201318","journal-title":"J Surv Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"157_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9453(1998)124:4(171)","volume":"124","author":"J Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang J, Stewart MP, Sakiri M (1998) Stochastic modeling for static GPS baseline data processing. J Surv Eng 124(4):171\u2013181","journal-title":"J Surv Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"157_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-001-0225-6","volume":"76","author":"J Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang J, Satirapod C, Rizos C (2002) Stochastic assessment of GPS carrier phase measurements for precise static relative positioning. J Geod 76(2):95\u2013104","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"157_CR70","volume-title":"Time series analysis","author":"WWS Wei","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wei WWS (1990) Time series analysis. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City"},{"key":"157_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B03412","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JB002741","volume":"109","author":"SDP Williams","year":"2004","unstructured":"Williams SDP, Bock Y, Fang P, Jamason P, Nikolaidis RM, Miller M, Johnson DJ (2004) Error analysis of continuous GPS position time series. J Geophys Res 109:B03412","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"157_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03655492","volume":"17","author":"Z Yu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yu Z (1992) A generalization theory of estimation of variance\u2013 covariance components. Manuscr Geod 17:295\u2013301","journal-title":"Manuscr Geod"},{"key":"157_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00873704","volume":"70","author":"Z Yu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yu Z (1996) A universal formula of maximum likelihood estimation of variance-covariance components. J Geod 70:233\u2013240","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"157_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18035","DOI":"10.1029\/97JB01380","volume":"102","author":"J Zhang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhang J, Bock Y, Johnson, Fang P, Williams S, Genrich J, Wdowinski S, Behr J (1997) Southern California permanent GPS geodetic array: error analysis of daily position estimates and site velocitties. J Geophys Res 102:18035\u201318055","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geodesy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00190-007-0157-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00190-007-0157-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00190-007-0157-x.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00190-007-0157-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T02:28:58Z","timestamp":1736994538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00190-007-0157-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-007-0157-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0949-7714","1432-1394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0949-7714","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2007","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2007","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}