{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T18:13:35Z","timestamp":1782411215995,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]],"date-time":"2015-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Geod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-015-0802-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T12:27:37Z","timestamp":1426249657000},"page":"607-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":640,"title":["Accuracy and reliability of multi-GNSS real-time precise positioning: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maorong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Fritsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wickert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"802_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-012-0269-5","volume":"17","author":"A Al-Shaery","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Shaery A, Zhang S, Rizos C (2013) An enhanced calibration method of GLONASS inter-channel bias for GNSS RTK. GPS Solut 17(2):165\u2013173. doi: 10.1007\/s10291-012-0269-5","journal-title":"GPS Solut"},{"issue":"8","key":"802_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-011-0444-4","volume":"85","author":"Z Altamimi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, M\u00e9tivier L (2011) ITRF2008: an improved solution of the international terrestrial reference frame. J Geod 85(8):457\u2013473. doi: 10.1007\/s00190-011-0444-4","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"2","key":"802_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-012-0273-9","volume":"17","author":"C Cai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cai C, Gao Y (2013) Modeling and assessment of combined GPS\/GLONASS precise point positioning. GPS Solut 17(2):223\u2013236","journal-title":"GPS Solut"},{"key":"802_CR4","unstructured":"Caissy M, Agrotis L, Weber G, Hernandez-Pajares M, Hugentobler U (2012) Coming Soon: the international GNSS real-time service. In: Proceedings of GPS world, vol 23, issue 6, pp 52\u201358"},{"key":"802_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Landau H, Zhang F, Nitschke M, Glocker M, Kipka A, Weinbach U, Salazar D (2013) Towards a precise multi-GNSS positioning system enhanced for the Asia-Pacific region. In: Proceedings of lecture notes in electrical engineering, China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC), vol 245, pp 277\u2013290","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37407-4_25"},{"key":"802_CR6","unstructured":"China Satellite Navigation Office (CSNO) (2012) BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal in Space Interface Control Document. http:\/\/gge.unb.ca\/test\/beidou_icd_english.pdf"},{"key":"802_CR7","first-page":"530","volume":"2006","author":"R Dach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dach R, Schaer S, Hugentobler U (2006) Combined multi-system GNSS analysis for time and frequency transfer. Proc Eur Freq Time Forum 2006:530\u2013537","journal-title":"Proc Eur Freq Time Forum"},{"key":"802_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-008-0300-3","volume":"83","author":"JM Dow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dow JM, Neilan RE, Rizos C (2009) The international GNSS service in a changing landscape of global navigation satellite systems. J Geod 83:191\u2013198. doi: 10.1007\/s00190-008-0300-3","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"7","key":"802_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-007-0187-4","volume":"82","author":"M Ge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ge M, Gendt G, Rothacher M, Shi C, Liu J (2008) Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP) with daily observations. J Geod 82(7):389\u2013399. doi: 10.1007\/s00190-007-0187-4","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"802_CR10","unstructured":"Ge M, Zhang HP, Jia XL, Song SL, Wickert J (2012) What Is achievable with the current COMPASS constellation? GPS World pp 29\u201334"},{"key":"802_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-011-0210-3","volume":"16","author":"A Hauschild","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hauschild A, Montenbruck O, Sleewaegen JM, Huisman L, Teunissen PJG (2012) Characterization of compass M-1 signals. GPS Solut 16:117\u2013126","journal-title":"GPS Solut"},{"issue":"3","key":"802_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-013-0339-3","volume":"18","author":"H He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He H, Li J, Yang Y, Xu J, Guo H, Wang A (2013a) Performance assessment of single- and dual-frequency BeiDou\/GPS single-epoch kinematic positioning. GPS Solut 18(3):393\u2013403","journal-title":"GPS Solut"},{"issue":"3","key":"802_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.3390\/s130302911","volume":"13","author":"L He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He L, Ge M, Wang J, Wickert J, Schuh H (2013b) Experimental study on the precise orbit determination of the BeiDou navigation satellite system. Sensors 13(3):2911\u20132928. doi: 10.3390\/s130302911","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"802_CR14","unstructured":"Kouba J (2009) A guide to using international GNSS service (IGS) products. http:\/\/igscb.jpl.nasa.gov\/igscb\/resource\/pubs\/UsingIGSProductsVer21.pdf"},{"key":"802_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-010-0424-0","volume":"85","author":"X Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang X, Ge M (2011) Regional reference network augmented precise point positioning for instantaneous ambiguity resolution. J Geod 85:151\u2013158","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"6","key":"802_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2012.06.025","volume":"51","author":"X Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li X, Ge M, Zhang H, Nischan T, Wickert J (2013a) The GFZ real-time GNSS precise positioning service system and its adaption for COMPASS. Adv Space Res 51(6):1008\u20131018","journal-title":"Adv Space Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"802_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-013-0611-x","volume":"87","author":"X Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li X, Ge M, Zhang H, Wickert J (2013b) A method for improving uncalibrated phase delay estimation and ambiguity-fixing in real-time precise point positioning. J Geod 87(5):405\u2013416. doi: 10.1007\/s00190-013-0611-x","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"key":"802_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Ge M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo B, Wang R, Klotz J, Wickert J (2013c) Real-time high-rate co-seismic displacement from ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning: application to earthquake early warning. Geophys Res Lett 40(2):295\u2013300. doi: 10.1002\/grl.50138","DOI":"10.1002\/grl.50138"},{"key":"802_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Dick G, Ge M, Heise S, Wickert J, Bender M (2014) Real-time GPS sensing of atmospheric water vapor: precise point positioning with orbit, clock, and phase delay corrections. Geophys Res Lett 41(10):3615\u20133621. doi: 10.1002\/2013GL058721","DOI":"10.1002\/2013GL058721"},{"key":"802_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8328","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08328","volume":"5","author":"X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang X, Ren X, Fritsche M, Wickert J, Schuh H (2015) Precise positioning with current multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS. Galileo and BeiDou Sci Rep 5:8328","journal-title":"Galileo and BeiDou Sci Rep"},{"key":"802_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899825","volume":"8","author":"J Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu J, Ge M (2003) PANDA software and its preliminary result of positioning and orbit determination. Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci 8:603\u2013609","journal-title":"Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci"},{"key":"802_CR22","unstructured":"McCarthy D, Petit G (2003) IERS conventions, IERS technical note no. 32, Publisher of the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy: Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"issue":"2","key":"802_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-012-0272-x","volume":"17","author":"O Montenbruck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montenbruck O, Hauschild A, Steigenberger P, Hugentobler U, Teunissen P, Nakamura S (2012) Initial assessment of the COMPASS\/BeiDou-2 regional navigation satellite system. GPS Solut 17(2):211\u2013222. doi: 10.1007\/s10291-012-0272-x","journal-title":"GPS Solut"},{"issue":"1","key":"802_CR24","first-page":"42","volume":"9","author":"O Montenbruck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Montenbruck O, Steigenberger P, Khachikyan R, Weber G, Langley RB, Mervart L, Hugentobler U (2014) IGS-MGEX: preparing the ground for multi-constellation GNSS science. Inside GNSS 9(1):42\u201349","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"issue":"4","key":"802_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-012-0298-0","volume":"17","author":"D Odijk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Odijk D, Teunissen PJG (2013) Characterization of between-receiver GPS-Galileo inter-system biases and their effect on mixed ambiguity resolution. GPS Solut 17(4):521\u2013533. doi: 10.1007\/s10291-012-0298-0","journal-title":"GPS Solut"},{"key":"802_CR26","unstructured":"Schaer S, Beutler G, Rothacher M, Brockmann E, Wiger A, Wild U (1999) The impact of the atmosphere and other systematic errors on permanent GPS networks. In: Proceedings of President IAG symposium on positioning, Birmingham, UK, 19\u201324 July, p 406"},{"key":"802_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02519222","volume":"62","author":"B Schaffrin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schaffrin B, Bock Y (1988) A unified scheme for processing GPS dual-band phase observations. Bull Geod 62:142\u2013160","journal-title":"Bull Geod"},{"key":"802_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-012-4446-8","volume":"55","author":"C Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi C, Zhao Q, Li M, Tang W, Hu Z, Lou Y, Zhang H, Niu X, Liu J (2012) Precise orbit determination of BeiDou satellites with precise positioning. Sci China Earth Sci 55:1079\u20131086","journal-title":"Sci China Earth Sci"},{"key":"802_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-011-0443-5","volume":"85","author":"P Steigenberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steigenberger P, Hugentobler U, Montenbruck O, Hauschild A (2011) Precise orbit determination of GIOVE-B based on the CONGO network. J Geod 85:357\u2013365","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"4","key":"802_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-013-0686-4","volume":"88","author":"PJG Teunissen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teunissen PJG, Odolinski R, Odijk D (2014) Instantaneous BeiDou+GPS RTK positioning with high cut-off elevation angles. J Geod 88(4):335\u2013350. doi: 10.1007\/s00190-013-0686-4","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"26","key":"802_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-011-4627-4","volume":"56","author":"YX Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang YX, Li JL, Xu JY, Tang J, Guo HR, He HB (2011) Contribution of the compass satellite nagivation system to global PNT users. Chin Sci Bull 56(26):2813\u20132819. doi: 10.1007\/s11434-001-4627-4","journal-title":"Chin Sci Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"802_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-010-0191-7","volume":"15","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li X, Guo F (2011) Satellite clock estimation at 1 Hz for realtime kinematic PPP applications. GPS Solut 15(4):315\u2013324. doi: 10.1007\/s10291-010-0191-7","journal-title":"GPS Solut"},{"issue":"5","key":"802_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-013-0622-7","volume":"2013","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Guo J, Li M, Qu L, Hu Z, Shi C, Liu J (2013) Initial results of precise orbit and clock determination for COMPASS navigation satellite system. J Geod 2013(5):475\u2013486","journal-title":"J Geod"},{"issue":"B3","key":"802_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB03860","volume":"102","author":"JF Zumberge","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zumberge JF, Heflin MB, Jefferson DC, Watkins MM, Webb FH (1997) Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. J Geophys Res 102(B3):5005\u20135017. doi: 10.1029\/96JB03860","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geodesy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00190-015-0802-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00190-015-0802-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00190-015-0802-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T18:55:39Z","timestamp":1558637739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00190-015-0802-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00190-015-0802-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0949-7714","1432-1394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0949-7714","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]]}}}