{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:52:27Z","timestamp":1789707147396,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2390-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T12:17:15Z","timestamp":1399378635000},"page":"1411-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Faecal incontinence 20\u00a0years after one birth: a comparison between vaginal delivery and caesarean section"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Gyhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bullarbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorkild F.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Milsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2390_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(96)02692-9","volume":"73","author":"R Al-Mufti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Al-Mufti R, McCarthy A, Fisk NM (1997) Survey of obstetricians\u2019 personal preference and discretionary practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 73:1\u20134","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2390_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1304-7","volume":"16","author":"I Nygaard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nygaard I (2005) Should women be offered elective cesarean section in the hope of preserving pelvic floor function? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 16:253\u2013254","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"2390_CR3","volume":"2","author":"RL Nelson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nelson RL, Furner SE, Westercamp M, Farquhar C (2010) Cesarean delivery for the prevention of anal incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD006756","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2390_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.07.056","volume":"139","author":"AE Bharucha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bharucha AE, Zinsmeister AR, Schleck CD, Melton LJ 3rd (2010) Bowel disturbances are the most important risk factors for late onset fecal incontinence: a population-based case-control study in women. Gastroenterology 139:1559\u20131566","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2390_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00329-9","volume":"124","author":"AE Bharucha","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bharucha AE (2003) Fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology 124:1672\u20131685","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2390_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01553.x","volume":"115","author":"J Pretlove","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pretlove J, Thompson PJ, Toozs-Hobson PM, Radley S, Khana KS (2008) Does the mode of delivery predispose women to anal incontinence in the first year postpartum? A comparative systematic review. BJOG 115:421\u2013434","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"2390_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03301.x","volume":"120","author":"M Gyhagen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gyhagen M, Bullarbo M, Nielsen TF, Milsom I (2013) The prevalence of urinary incontinence 20 years after childbirth: a national cohort study in singleton primiparae after vaginal or caesarean delivery. BJOG 120(2):144\u2013151","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2390_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307","volume":"36","author":"JM Jorge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jorge JM, Wexner SD (1993) Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 36:77\u201397","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2390_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234823","volume":"44","author":"J Rothbarth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rothbarth J, Bemelman WA, Meijerink WJHJ, Stiggelbout AM, Zwinderman AH et al (2001) What is the impact of fecal incontinence on quality of life? Dis Colon Rectum 44:67\u201371","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2390_CR10","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1996) International classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification (ICD\u20139\u2013CM). Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"2390_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000266981.69332.db","volume":"110","author":"X Fritel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fritel X, Ringa V, Varnoux N, Zins M, Br\u00e9art G (2007) Mode of delivery and faecal incontinence at midlife: a study of 2,640 women in the Gazel cohort. Obstet Gynecol 110:31\u201338","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2390_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-0014-5","volume":"17","author":"SJ Pretlove","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pretlove SJ, Radley S, Toozs-Hobson PM, Thompson PJ, Coomarasamy A, Khan KS (2006) Prevalence of anal incontinence according to age and gender: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 17:407\u2013417","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"2390_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.02.001","volume":"198","author":"EA Erekson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erekson EA, Sung VW, Myers DL (2008) Effect of body mass index on the risk of anal incontinence and defecatory dysfunction in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 198:596.e1\u2013596.e4","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2390_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2011.08.013","volume":"9","author":"D Cuicchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cuicchi D, Lombardi R, Cariani S, Leuratti L, Lecce F, Cola B (2013) Clinical and instrumental evaluation of pelvic floor disorders before and after bariatric surgery in obese women. Surg Obes Relat Dis 9(1):69\u201375","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"2390_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02964.x","volume":"118","author":"C MacArthur","year":"2011","unstructured":"MacArthur C, Glazener C, Lancashire R, Herbison P, Wilson D et al (2011) Exclusive caesarean section delivery and subsequent urinary and faecal incontinence: a 12-year longitudinal study. BJOG 118:1001\u20131007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2390_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1080\/j.0001-6349.2004.00346.x","volume":"83","author":"TM Pinta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pinta TM, Kyl\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4 ML, Teramo KA, Luukkonen PS (2004) Sphincter rupture and anal incontinence after first vaginal delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83:917\u2013922","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2390_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.12.1269","volume":"47","author":"SJ Snooks","year":"1984","unstructured":"Snooks SJ, Barnes PR, Swash M (1984) Damage to the innervation of the voluntary anal and periurethral sphincter musculature in incontinence: an electrophysiological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47:1269\u20131273","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2390_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.04.033","volume":"146","author":"K Laine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laine K, Gissler M, Pirhonen J (2009) Changing incidence of anal sphincter tears in four Nordic countries through the last decades. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 146:71\u201375","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2390_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11093.x","volume":"107","author":"E Samuelsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Samuelsson E, Ladfors L, Wennerholm UB, G\u00e5reberg B, Nyberg K, Hagberg H (2000) Anal sphincter tears: prospective study of obstetric risk factors. BJOG 107:926\u2013931","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2390_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.10.797","volume":"194","author":"DL Faltin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Faltin DL, Otero M, Petignat P, Sangalli MR, Floris LA, Boulvain M et al (2006) Women\u2019s health 18 years after rupture of the anal sphincter during childbirth: I. Fecal incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:1255\u20131259","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2390_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92213-6","volume":"344","author":"MA Kamm","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kamm MA (1994) Obstetric damage and faecal incontinence. Lancet 344:730\u2013733","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2390_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6650-x","volume":"46","author":"F Voyvodic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Voyvodic F, Rieger NA, Skinner S, Schloithe AC, Saccone GT, Sage MR et al (2003) Endosonographic imaging of anal sphincter injury: does the size of the tear correlate with the degree of dysfunction? Dis Colon Rectum 46:735\u2013741","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2390_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237189","volume":"43","author":"H Damon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Damon H, Henry L, Bretones S, Mellier G, Minaire Y, Mion F (2000) Postdelivery anal function in primiparous females: ultrasound and manometric study. Dis Colon Rectum 43:472\u2013477","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2390_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-503-5_2","volume-title":"Perineal and anal sphincter trauma: diagnosis and clinical management","author":"AH Sultan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kettle C (2007) Diagnosis of perineal trauma. In: Sultan AH, Thakar R, Fenner D (eds) Perineal and anal sphincter trauma: diagnosis and clinical management, 1st edn. Springer, London, pp 13\u201319","edition":"1"},{"key":"2390_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00495-X","volume":"101","author":"KM Groom","year":"2002","unstructured":"Groom KM, Paterson-Brown S (2002) Can we improve on the diagnosis of third degree tears? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 101:19\u201321","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2390_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00799.x","volume":"113","author":"W Andrews","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andrews W, Sultan AH, Thakar R, Jones PW (2006) Occult anal sphincter injuries\u2014myth or reality? BJOG 113:195\u2013200","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2390_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.17.2141","volume":"293","author":"K Hartmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hartmann K, Viswanathan M, Palmieri R, Gartlehner G, Thorp J Jr, Lohr KN (2005) Outcomes of routine episiotomy: a systematic review. JAMA 293:2141\u20132148","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2390_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.02.019","volume":"206","author":"S R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen S, Vehvil\u00e4inen-Julkunen K, Gissler M, Heinonen S (2012) Hospital-based lateral episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injury rates: a retrospective population-based register study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206:347.e1\u2013347.e6","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2390_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234835","volume":"44","author":"WE Whitehead","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whitehead WE, Wald A, Norton NJ (2001) Treatment options for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 44:131\u2013142","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2390_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e3282ef4142","volume":"19","author":"TL Wheeler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wheeler TL, Richter HE (2007) Delivery method, anal sphincter tears and fecal incontinence: new information on a persistent problem. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19:474\u2013479","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-014-2390-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-014-2390-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-014-2390-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T10:51:15Z","timestamp":1558608675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-014-2390-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-014-2390-1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718378362.793506557","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]}}}