{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:04:19Z","timestamp":1778202259376,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3136-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T11:56:56Z","timestamp":1473422216000},"page":"455-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Residual defects after repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries and pelvic floor muscle strength are related to anal incontinence symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Cristina Ros","family":"Cerro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva Mart\u00ednez","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio Aniello","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Palau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Espu\u00f1a-Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235567","volume":"43","author":"L Abramowitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abramowitz L, Sobhani I, Ganansia R, Vuagnat A, Benifla JL, Darai E, et al. Are sphincter defects the cause of anal incontinence after vaginal delivery? Results of a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:590\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"3136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2630","volume":"27","author":"M Starck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Starck M, Bohe M, Valentin L. The extent of endosonographic anal sphincter defects after primary repair of obstetric sphincter tears increases over time and is related to anal incontinence. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006;27:188\u201397.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3136_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-008-0756-y","volume":"20","author":"V Andrews","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andrews V, Thakar R, Sultan AH. Structured hands-on training in repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): an audit of clinical practice. Int Urogynecol J. 2009;20:193\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3136_CR4","first-page":"S14","volume":"126","author":"SS Rao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rao SS. Pathophysiology of adult fecal incontinence. Gastroenterology. 2004;126 [Suppl 1]:S14\u201322.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3136_CR5","volume-title":"Green-top Guideline: the management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2015","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Green-top Guideline: the management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears. No. 29. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2015."},{"key":"3136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307","volume":"36","author":"JMN Jorge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jorge JMN, Wexner SD. Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:77\u201397.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"3136_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61108-X","volume":"87","author":"J Laycock","year":"2001","unstructured":"Laycock J, Jerwood D. Pelvic floor muscle assessment: the PERFECT scheme. Physiotherapy. 2001;87:631\u201342.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"3136_CR8","first-page":"1443","volume-title":"5th International Consultation on Incontinence","author":"DZ Bliss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bliss DZ, Mellgren A, Whitehead WE, Chiarioni G, Emmanuel A, Santoro GA, et al. Assessment and conservative management of faecal incontinence and quality of life in adults. In: Abrams P, Cardoz L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. 5th International Consultation on Incontinence. Paris: ICUD-EAU; 2013. p. 1443\u201386."},{"key":"3136_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0767-z","volume":"50","author":"GA Santoro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Santoro GA, Fortling B. The advantages of volume rendering in three-dimensional endosonography of the anorectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50:359\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"3136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4369","volume":"90","author":"M Oberwalder","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oberwalder M, Connor J, Wexner SD. Meta-analysis to determine the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter damage. Br J Surg. 2003;90:1333\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"3136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00400.x","volume":"112","author":"EU Fornell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fornell EU, Matthiesen L, Sj\u00f6dahl R, Berg G. Obstetric anal sphincter injury ten years after: subjective and objective long term effects. BJOG. 2005;112:312\u20136.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"3136_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1835-7","volume":"24","author":"V Andrews","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrews V, Shelmeridine S, Sultan AH, Thakar R. Anal and urinary incontinence 4 years after a vaginal delivery Int Urogynecol J 2013;24:55\u201360.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"3136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000242616.56617.ff","volume":"109","author":"MP Fitzgerald","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fitzgerald MP, Weber AM, Howden N, Cundiff GW, Brown MB, Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Risk factors for anal sphincter tear during vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:29\u201334.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3136_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7512","volume":"36","author":"AM Roos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roos AM, Thakar R, Sultan AH. Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): does the grade of tear matter? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010;36:368\u201374.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.025","volume":"13","author":"AJ Ampt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ampt AJ, Patterson JA, Roberts CL, Ford JB. Obstetric anal sphincter injury rates among primiparous women with different modes of vaginal delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;13:260\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"3136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7227.86","volume":"320","author":"LB Signorello","year":"2000","unstructured":"Signorello LB, Harlow BL, Chekos AK, Repke JT. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2000;320:86\u201390.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3136_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2717-6","volume":"26","author":"N Gauthaman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gauthaman N, Henry D, Ster IC, Khunda A, Doumouchtsis SK. Kielland\u2019s forceps: does it increase the risk of anal sphincter injuries? An observational study. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26:1525\u201332.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"3136_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.04.013","volume":"127","author":"AJ Reid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reid AJ, Beggs AD, Sultan AH, Roos AM, Thakar R. Outcome of repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after three years. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;127:47\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"3136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00250.2006","volume":"292","author":"BS Padda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Padda BS, Jung SA, Pretorius D, Nager CW, Den-Boer D, Mittal RK. Effects of pelvic floor muscle contraction on anal canal pressure. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007;292:565\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"3136_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7478","volume":"34","author":"A Sakse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sakse A, Secher NJ, Ottesen M, Starck M. Defects on endoanal ultrasound and anal incontinence after primary repair of fourth-degree anal sphincter rupture: a study of the anal sphincter complex and puborectal muscle. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009;34:693\u20138.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2793-7","volume":"26","author":"SH Oversand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oversand SH, Atan IK, Shek KL, Dietz HP. The association between different measures of pelvic floor muscle strength and female pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26:1777\u201381.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"3136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2277-6","volume":"25","author":"S Tibaek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tibaek S, Dehlendorff C. Pelvic floor muscle function in women with pelvic floor dysfunction: a retrospective chart review, 1992\u20132008. Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25:663\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"3136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31827ab9d0","volume":"19","author":"JW Henderson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Henderson JW, Wang S, Egger MJ, Masters M, Nygaard I. Can women correctly contract their pelvic floor muscles without formal instruction? Female Pelvis Med Reconstr Surg. 2013;19:8\u201312.","journal-title":"Female Pelvis Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"3136_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0404-y","volume":"19","author":"H Talasz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talasz H, Himmer-Perschak G, Marth E, Fischer-Colbrie J, Hoefner E, Lechleitner M. Evaluation of pelvic floor muscle function in a random group of adult women in Austria. Int Urogynecol J. 2008;19:131\u20135.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"3136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.10.878","volume":"208","author":"G Hilde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hilde G, St\u00e6r-Jensen J, Siafarikas F, Engh ME, Br\u00e6kken IH, B\u00f8 K. Impact of childbirth and mode of delivery on vaginal resting pressure and on pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208:50.e1\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3136_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318265de39","volume":"20","author":"S Friedman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friedman S, Blomquist JL, Nugent JM, McDermott KC, Mu\u00f1oz A, Handa VL. Pelvic muscle strength after childbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;20:1021\u20138.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3136_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90144-6","volume":"77","author":"JJ Wyndaele","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wyndaele JJ, Van Eetvelde B. Reproducibility of digital testing of the pelvic floor muscles in men. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:1179\u201381.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-016-3136-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-016-3136-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-016-3136-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:43:26Z","timestamp":1657241006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-016-3136-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-016-3136-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]}}}