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The sixth group was a noninstrumented control (NC) group. Then, 75 virgin female C57BL\/6 mice were randomized into five groups: a VD group (that just underwent VD) and an NC group were orally administered saline every day for 7\u00a0days; and three VD\u00a0+\u00a0PUN groups that underwent VD and were orally administered PUN respectively at 2.5, 5, and 10\u00a0mg\/kg every day for 7\u00a0days. LPP was tested on the day 7, then all mice were sacrificed and their urethras and anterior vaginal walls harvested for Masson staining, immunohistochemistry study, Western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LPPs after VD were significantly lower than the NC group, and the LPPs of mice on days 14 and 28 day after VD were significantly higher than on the days 1, 3, and 7. PUN significantly improved VD-induced drops in LPP and alleviated VD-induced decrease of collagen I, collagen III, \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (SMA), transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21, and p-Smad3, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) protein levels, and increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (OHdG) in urethra and anterior vaginal wall. PUN also up-regulated the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), whereas protein levels of Smad 2, p-Smad2, and Smad3 were not changed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PUN exerts certain therapeutic effect on mechanical-trauma-induced SUI in mice, which might be through the activation of TGF-\u03b21\/Smad3 and Nrf2\/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling activation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3283-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T11:20:21Z","timestamp":1486380021000},"page":"947-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Potential therapeutic role of punicalagin against mechanical-trauma-induced stress urinary incontinence via upregulation of Nrf2 and TGF-\u03b21 signaling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jianming","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3283_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280204","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/280204","volume":"2014","author":"YH Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen YH, Lin YN, Chen WC, Hsieh WT, Chen HY. 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