{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:48:29Z","timestamp":1767703709373,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03879-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T07:17:48Z","timestamp":1550560668000},"page":"909-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Does water birth affect the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury? Development of a prognostic model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2965-4409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen Louise","family":"Preston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zarko","family":"Alfirevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian Elizabeth","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12103","volume":"41","author":"N Chaillet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaillet N, Belaid L, Crocheti\u00e8re C, Roy L, Gagn\u00e9 GP, Moutquin JM, et al. Nonpharmacologic approaches for pain management during labor compared with usual care: a meta-analysis. Birth. 2014;41(2):122\u201337. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12103\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"3879_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000111","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000111.pub4","volume":"5","author":"ER Cluett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cluett ER, Burns E. Immersion in water in labour and birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5:CD000111. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000111.pub4\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"3879_CR3","unstructured":"Fernando R, Williams A AE. The management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears. RCOG 2015; GTG 29, pp 1-19. Available at: \n                    https:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/en\/guidelines-research-services\/guidelines\/gtg29\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 29 Dec 2018."},{"key":"3879_CR4","unstructured":"Kamm MA. Obstetric damage and faecal incontinence. Lancet (London, England). 1994;344(8924):730\u20133 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7915781\n                    \n                  . Accessed 29 Dec 2018."},{"key":"3879_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gurol-Urganci I, Cromwell DA, Edozien LC, Mahmood TA, Adams EJ, Richmond DH, et al. Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears among primiparous women in England between 2000 and 2012: time trends and risk factors. BJOG. 2013;120(12):1516\u201325. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12363\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12363"},{"key":"3879_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1835-7","volume":"24","author":"Anal and urinary incontinence 4 years after a vaginal delivery","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anal and urinary incontinence 4 years after a vaginal delivery. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24:55\u201360.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3879_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181eda77a","volume":"116","author":"E Hals","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hals E, Oian P, Pirhonen T, Gissler M, Hjelle S, Nilsen EB, et al. A multicenter interventional program to reduce the incidence of anal sphincter tears. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(4):901\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181eda77a\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3879_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laine K, Skjeldestad FE, Sandvik L, Staff AC. Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after training to protect the perineum: cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(5). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001649\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001649"},{"key":"3879_CR9","unstructured":"OASI Care Bundle. \n                    https:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/en\/guidelines-research-services\/audit-quality-improvement\/oasi-care-bundle\/oasi-background\n                    \n                  . Accessed 29 Dec 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"3879_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(99)00238-9","volume":"91","author":"CM Otigbah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Otigbah CM, Dhanjal MK, Harmsworth G, Chard T. A retrospective comparison of water births and conventional vaginal deliveries. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000;91(1):15\u201320 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10817872\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"3879_CR11","first-page":"391","volume":"114","author":"K Bodner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B, Wierrani F, Mayerhofer K, Fousek C, Niedermayr A, et al. Effects of water birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114(10\u201311):391\u20135 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12708093\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"3879_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-471","volume":"7","author":"KC McPherson","year":"2014","unstructured":"McPherson KC, Beggs AD, Sultan AH, Thakar R. Can the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) be predicted using a risk-scoring system? BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:471. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-7-471\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"3879_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.11.012","volume":"155","author":"E Cortes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cortes E, Basra R, Kelleher CJ. Waterbirth and pelvic floor injury: a retrospective study and postal survey using ICIQ modular long form questionnaires. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;155(1):27\u201330. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.11.012\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"3879_CR14","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2017). Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies (CG190). Available at \n                    https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg190\n                    \n                  . Accessed 29 Dec 2018."},{"issue":"12","key":"3879_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2406-x","volume":"25","author":"G Thiagamoorthy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thiagamoorthy G, Johnson A, Thakar R, Sultan AH. National survey of perineal trauma and its subsequent management. Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25(12):1621\u20137.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3879_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e2f50b","volume":"116","author":"E Baghestan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baghestan E, Irgens L, B\u00f8rdahl PE, Rasmussen S. Trends in risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries in Norway. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(1):25\u201334.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3879_CR17","first-page":"225","volume":"98","author":"VL Handa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Handa VL, Danielsen BH, Gilbert WM. Obstetric anal sphincter lacerations. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:225\u201398.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3879_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLeod NL, Gilmour DT, Joseph KS, Farrell SA, Luther ER. Trends in major risk factors for anal sphincter lacerations: a 10-year study. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2003;25(7):586\u201393.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)31018-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"3879_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2014-0172","volume":"43","author":"C Haslinger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haslinger C, Burkhardt T, Stoiber B, Zimmermann R, Sch\u00e4ffer L. Position at birth as an important factor for the occurrence of anal sphincter tears: a retrospective cohort study. J Perinat Med. 2015;43(6):715\u201320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2014-0172\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"3879_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuelsson E, Ladfors L, Wennerholm UB, G\u00e5reberg B, Nyberg K, Hagberg H. Anal sphincter tears: prospective study of obstetric risk factors. BJOG. 2000;107(7):926\u201331.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11093.x"},{"key":"3879_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rush J, Burlock S, Lambert K, Loosley-Millman M, Hutchison B, Enkin M. The effects of whirlpools baths in labor: a randomized, controlled trial. Birth. 1996;23(3):136\u201343.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1996.tb00474.x"},{"key":"3879_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckert K, Turnbull D, MacLennan A. Immersion in water in the first stage of labor: a randomized controlled trial. Birth. 2001;28(2):84\u201393.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2001.00084.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"3879_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3125-2","volume":"28","author":"SS Webb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Webb SS, Hemming K, Khalfaoui MY, TB H, S K, Stensgaard S, et al. An obstetric sphincter injury risk identification system (OSIRIS): is this a clinically useful tool? Int Urogynecol J. 2017;28(3):367\u201374. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-016-3125-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3879_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00652.x","volume":"112","author":"A Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williams A, Tincello DG, White S, Adams EJ, Alfirevic Z, Richmond DH. Risk scoring system for prediction of obstetric anal sphincter injury. BJOG. 2005;112(8):1066\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00652.x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03879-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03879-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03879-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T19:21:32Z","timestamp":1582053692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03879-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03879-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0937-3462"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-3023"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}