{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:31:15Z","timestamp":1766158275099,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03887-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T02:18:44Z","timestamp":1549851524000},"page":"917-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The impact of variations in obstetric practice on maternal birth trauma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ixora","family":"Kamisan Atan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shek Ka","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Caudwell-Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Peter","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3887_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2546-z","volume":"26","author":"H Dietz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dietz H, Pardey J, Murray H. Pelvic floor and anal sphincter trauma should be key performance indicators of maternity services. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26(1):29\u201332.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"3887_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02704.x","volume":"117","author":"KL Shek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shek KL, Dietz HP. Intrapartum risk factors for levator trauma. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;117:1485\u201392.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"3887_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000178779.62181.01","volume":"106","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dietz HP, Lanzarone V. Levator trauma after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106:707\u201312.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3887_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01751.x","volume":"115","author":"H Dietz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dietz H, Simpson J. Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;115(8):979\u201384.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3887_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x","volume":"29","author":"JF Thompson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thompson JF, Roberts CL, Currie M, Ellwood DA. Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth. Birth. 2002;29(2):83\u201394.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"8","key":"3887_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318299c209","volume":"56","author":"MM Soerensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soerensen MM, Buntzen S, Bek KM, Laurberg S. Complete obstetric anal sphincter tear and risk of long-term fecal incontinence: a cohort study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56(8):992\u20131001.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"3887_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12286","volume":"55","author":"EM Skinner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skinner EM, Dietz HP. Psychological and somatic sequelae of traumatic vaginal delivery: a literature review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;55(4):309\u201314.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3887_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12171","volume":"54","author":"N Rodrigo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodrigo N, Wong V, Shek KL, Martin A, Dietz HP. The use of 3-dimensional ultrasound of the pelvic floor to predict recurrence risk after pelvic reconstructive surgery. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;54(3):206\u201311.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3887_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.496501","volume":"24","author":"R Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh R, Nath Trivedi A. Is the caesarean section rate a performance indicator of an obstetric unit? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24(2):204\u20137.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3887_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzi072","volume":"17","author":"J Veillard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Veillard J, Champagne F, Klazinga N, Kazandjian V, Arah O, Guisset A-L. A performance assessment framework for hospitals: the WHO regional office for Europe PATH project. Int J Qual Health Care. 2005;17(6):487\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"3887_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00786.x","volume":"21","author":"AP Betr\u00e1n","year":"2007","unstructured":"Betr\u00e1n AP, Merialdi M, Lauer JA, Bing-Shun W, Thomas J, Van Look P, et al. Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007;21(2):98\u2013113.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"3887_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton BE, Hoyert DL, Martin JA, Strobino DM, Guyer B. Annual summary of vital statistics: 2010\u20132011. Pediatrics. 2013:peds. 2012\u20133769.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3769"},{"issue":"3","key":"3887_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.026","volume":"210","author":"AB Caughey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caughey AB, Cahill AG, Guise J-M, Rouse DJ. Obstetricians ACo, gynecologists. Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(3):179\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3887_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182704880","volume":"120","author":"CY Spong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Spong CY, Berghella V, Wenstrom KD, Mercer BM, Saade GR. Preventing the first cesarean delivery: summary of a joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-fetal Medicine, and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists workshop. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(5):1181.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3887_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1072","volume":"23","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dietz HP. Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor. Part II: three-dimensional or volume imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004;23(6):615\u201325.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3887_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6403","volume":"33","author":"H Dietz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dietz H, Shek K. Tomographic ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: which levels matter most? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009;33(6):698\u2013703.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3887_CR17","first-page":"461","volume":"42","author":"R Guzman Rojas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guzman Rojas R, Shek K, Langer S, Dietz H. Prevalence of anal sphincter injury in primiparous women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;42(4):461\u20136.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3887_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2011.01352.x","volume":"51","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dietz HP, Wong V, Shek KL. A simplified method for determining hiatal biometry. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;51(6):540\u20133.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3887_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5355","volume":"31","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dietz HP, Shek C, De Leon J, Steensma AB. Ballooning of the levator hiatus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009;31:676\u201380.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3887_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13924","volume":"123","author":"I Kamisan Atan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamisan Atan I, Shek KL, Langer S, Guzman Rojas R, Caudwell-Hall J, Daly JO, et al. Does the Epi-no\u00ae birth trainer prevent vaginal birth-related pelvic floor trauma? A multicentre prospective randomised controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;123(6):995\u20131003.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3887_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12592","volume":"94","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dietz HP. Forceps: towards obsolescence or revival? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(4):347\u201351.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"3887_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2006.00088.x","volume":"33","author":"V Andrews","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andrews V, Sultan AH, Thakar R, Jones PW. Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury: a prospective study. Birth. 2006;33(2):117\u201322.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"15","key":"3887_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.791268","volume":"26","author":"MP Hehir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hehir MP, O\u2019Connor HD, Higgins S, Robson MS, McAuliffe FM, Boylan PC, et al. Obstetric anal sphincter injury, risk factors and method of delivery\u2014an 8-year analysis across two tertiary referral centers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26(15):1514\u20136.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"3887_CR24","unstructured":"Type of birth (vaginal, Caesarean, forceps etc): Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence. HealthStats NSW. Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health. Available at: \n                    www.healthstats.nsw.gov.au\n                    \n                  . Accessed (12 September 2015) [Internet]. [cited 12 September 2015]."},{"issue":"5","key":"3887_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12602","volume":"121","author":"I Treharne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Treharne I, Esegbona G, Bloomfield T. Rotational forceps training needs to be scaled up. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;121(5):641.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3887_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12199","volume":"120","author":"N Tempest","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tempest N, Hart A, Walkinshaw S, Hapangama D. A re-evaluation of the role of rotational forceps: retrospective comparison of maternal and perinatal outcomes following different methods of birth for malposition in the second stage of labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;120(10):1277\u201384.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"3887_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13519","volume":"44","author":"J Caudwell-Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caudwell-Hall J, Kamisan Atan I, Martin A, Guzman Rojas R, Langer S, Shek C, et al. OC09. 05: intrapartum predictors of pelvic floor trauma. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;44(S1):21\u20132.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3887_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-59","volume":"13","author":"LA Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith LA, Price N, Simonite V, Burns EE. Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma: a prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13(1):59.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"8","key":"3887_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801670","volume":"25","author":"NJ Sebire","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sebire NJ, Jolly M, Harris JP, Wadsworth J, Joffe M, Beard RW, et al. Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287,213 pregnancies in London. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(8):1175\u201382.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3887_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00799.x","volume":"113","author":"V Andrews","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andrews V, Sultan AH, Thakar R, Jones PW. Occult anal sphincter injuries\u2014myth or reality? Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;113(2):195\u2013200.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03887-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03887-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03887-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T19:13:28Z","timestamp":1581362008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03887-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-019-03887-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0937-3462"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-3023"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"KL Shek and HP Dietz have received unrestricted educational grants from GE Medical. All other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The parent trial was approved by the Sydney West and Sydney South Area Health Service Human Research Ethics Committees (SWAHS HREC 07\u2013022 and SSAHS HREC X09\u20130384) on 30 April 2007.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Details of ethics approval"}}]}}