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They were examined 6\u201312\u00a0weeks postpartum or in a subsequent pregnancy with 3D EAUS, IUS and TPUS and measurement of anal pressure. Prevalence of urgency\/solid\/liquid AI or flatal AI and anal pressure were compared in women with a defect and those with an intact sphincter (diagnosed off-line) using Chi-squared and Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>At a mean of 23.6 (SD 30.1) months after OASI, more women with defect than those with intact sphincters on EAUS had AI; urgency\/solid\/liquid AI vs external defect: 36% vs 13% and flatal AI vs internal defect: 27% vs 13%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. On TPUS, more women with defect sphincters had flatal AI: 32% vs 13%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03. No difference was found on IUS. Difference between defect and intact sphincters on EAUS, IUS and TPUS respectively was found for mean [SD] maximum anal resting pressure (48 [13] vs 55 [14] mmHg; 48 [12] vs 56 [13] mmHg; 50 [13] vs 54 [14] mmHg) and squeeze incremental pressure (33 [17] vs 49 [28] mmHg; 37 [23] vs 50 [28] mmHg; 36 [18] vs 50 [30] mmHg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Endoanal ultrasound had the strongest association with AI symptoms 2 years after OASI. Sphincter defects detected using all ultrasound methods were associated with lower anal pressure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04274-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T15:32:44Z","timestamp":1585841564000},"page":"1471-1478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Is endoanal, introital or transperineal ultrasound diagnosis of sphincter defects more strongly associated with anal incontinence?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Voll\u00f8yhaug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Taithongchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Arendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"van Gruting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul H.","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranee","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4274_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.04.033","volume":"146","author":"K Laine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laine K, Gissler M, Pirhonen J. 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R.T. is the President of the International Urogynaecology Association. R.T. and A.H.S. are involved in running courses for the repair of third- and fourth-degree obstetric anal sphincter injuries.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}