{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:51:25Z","timestamp":1789545085516,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04308-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T09:18:49Z","timestamp":1587719929000},"page":"2291-2299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Selective episiotomy versus no episiotomy for severe perineal trauma: a systematic review with meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Gl\u00e1ucia Miranda Varella","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Sugahara","family":"Hosoume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilene Vale","family":"de Castro Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassia Raquel Teatin","family":"Juliato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Gustavo Oliveira","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4308_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17306","volume":"50","author":"D Sioutis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sioutis D, Thakar R, Sultan AH. Overdiagnosis and rising rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): time for reappraisal. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50(5):642\u20137.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2546-z","volume":"26","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dietz HP, Pardey J, Murray H. Pelvic floor and anal sphincter trauma should be key performance indicators of maternity services. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26(1):29\u201332.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"17","key":"4308_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.17.2141","volume":"293","author":"K Hartmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hartmann K, Viswanathan M, Palmieri R, Gartlehner G, Thorp J Jr, Lohr KN. Outcomes of routine episiotomy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2005;293(17):2141\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"4308_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-2956-1","volume":"27","author":"TS Verghese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verghese TS, Champaneria R, Kapoor DS, Latthe PM. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries after episiotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2016;27(10):1459\u201367.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"4308_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.10.013","volume":"207","author":"NS Lund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lund NS, Persson LK, Jango H, Gommesen D, Westergaard HB. Episiotomy in vacuum-assisted delivery affects the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;207:193\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"4308_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.12.019","volume":"233","author":"E Gonzalez-Diaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Diaz E, Fernandez Fernandez C, Gonzalo Orden JM, Fernandez CA. Which characteristics of the episiotomy and perineum are associated with a lower risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury in instrumental deliveries. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;233:127\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4308_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1457639","volume":"32","author":"VML Lins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lins VML, Katz L, Vasconcelos FBL, Coutinho I, Amorim MM. Factors associated with spontaneous perineal lacerations in deliveries without episiotomy in a university maternity hospital in the city of Recife, Brazil: a cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(18):3062\u20137.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4308_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1169527","volume":"30","author":"A Shmueli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shmueli A, Gabbay Benziv R, Hiersch L, et al. Episiotomy\u2014risk factors and outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(3):251\u20136.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4308_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13263","volume":"122","author":"EA McDonald","year":"2015","unstructured":"McDonald EA, Gartland D, Small R, Brown SJ. Dyspareunia and childbirth: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2015;122(5):672\u20139.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"12","key":"4308_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083138","volume":"8","author":"N Panic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Panic N, Leoncini E, De Belvis G, Ricciardi W, Boccia S. Evaluation of the endorsement of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement on the quality of published systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e83138.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"4308_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","volume":"6","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-1-2","volume":"1","author":"A Booth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Booth A, Moher D, Ghersi D, et al. The nuts and bolts of PROSPERO: an international prospective register of systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2012;1(1):2.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"4308_CR13","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, vol 4","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, vol 4. Wiley, New York; 2011."},{"issue":"4","key":"4308_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist G, et al. GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence\u2014study limitations (risk of bias). J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):407\u201315.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4308_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3480-7","volume":"29","author":"L Sagi-Dain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sagi-Dain L, Bahous R, Caspin O, Kreinin-Bleicher I, Gonen R, Sagi S. No episiotomy versus selective lateral\/mediolateral episiotomy (EPITRIAL): an interim analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(3):415\u201323.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0315-4","volume":"14","author":"MM Amorim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amorim MM, Coutinho IC, Melo I, Katz L. Selective episiotomy vs. implementation of a non-episiotomy protocol: a randomized clinical trial. Reprod Health. 2017;14(1):55.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05174-0","volume":"300","author":"B Gachon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gachon B, Fradet Menard C, Pierre F, Fritel X. Does the implementation of a restrictive episiotomy policy for operative deliveries increase the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019;300(1):87\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"4308_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-59","volume":"13","author":"LA Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith LA, Price N, Simonite V, Burns EE. Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma: a prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:59.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12283","volume":"60","author":"A LaCross","year":"2015","unstructured":"LaCross A, Groff M, Smaldone A. Obstetric anal sphincter injury and anal incontinence following vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2015;60(1):37\u201347.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4308_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2014.1324710","volume":"132","author":"LS Oliveira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oliveira LS, Brito LG, Quintana SM, Duarte G, Marcolin AC. Perineal trauma after vaginal delivery in healthy pregnant women. Sao Paulo Med J. 2014;132(4):231\u20138.","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"4308_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1666810","volume":"40","author":"MV Peppe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peppe MV, Stefanello J, Infante BF, Kobayashi MT, Baraldi CO, Brito LGO. Perineal trauma in a low-risk maternity with high prevalence of upright position during the second stage of labor. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2018;40(7):379\u201383.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2795-5","volume":"27","author":"MVD Monteiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Monteiro MVD, Pereira GMV, Aguiar RAP, Azevedo RL, Correia MD, Reis ZSN. Risk factors for severe obstetric perineal lacerations. Int Urogynecol J. 2016;27(1):61\u20137.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4308_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.055","volume":"207","author":"EC Evers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Evers EC, Blomquist JL, McDermott KC, Handa VL. Obstetrical anal sphincter laceration and anal incontinence 5\u201310 years after childbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(5):425.e1\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4308_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001147","volume":"126","author":"Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics","year":"2015","unstructured":"Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin no. 154: operative vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(5):e56\u201365.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"4308_CR25","unstructured":"RCOG. Operative vaginal delivery. Green-top guideline 26. London: RCOG; 2011."},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"JA Martin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJ, Curtin SC, Matthews TJ. Births: final data for 2013. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2015;64(1):1\u201365.","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4308_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.11.022","volume":"200","author":"EA Frankman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frankman EA, Wang L, Bunker CH, Lowder JL. Episiotomy in the United States: has anything changed? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200(5):573.e1\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1251-6","volume":"17","author":"M Simic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simic M, Cnattingius S, Petersson G, Sandstrom A, Stephansson O. Duration of second stage of labor and instrumental delivery as risk factors for severe perineal lacerations: population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):72.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"12","key":"4308_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12363","volume":"120","author":"I Gurol-Urganci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gurol-Urganci I, Cromwell DA, Edozien LC, et al. Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears among primiparous women in England between 2000 and 2012: time trends and risk factors. BJOG. 2013;120(12):1516\u201325.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"4308_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.08.003","volume":"201","author":"DJ Rouse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rouse DJ, Weiner SJ, Bloom SL, et al. Second-stage labor duration in nulliparous women: relationship to maternal and perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(4):357.e1\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4308_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.12.042","volume":"214","author":"AC Gimovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gimovsky AC, Berghella V. Randomized controlled trial of prolonged second stage: extending the time limit vs usual guidelines. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(3):361.e1\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4308_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12409","volume":"46","author":"E Sveinsdottir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sveinsdottir E, Gottfredsdottir H, Vernhardsdottir AS, Tryggvadottir GB, Geirsson RT. Effects of an intervention program for reducing severe perineal trauma during the second stage of labor. Birth. 2019;46(2):371\u20138.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"4","key":"4308_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200610000-00046","volume":"108","author":"ACOG","year":"2006","unstructured":"ACOG. Practice bulletin: clinical management guidelines for obstetrician\u2013Gynecologists number 76, October 2006: postpartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(4):1039\u201347.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4308_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.06.024","volume":"123","author":"O Tuncalp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tuncalp O, Souza JP, Gulmezoglu M. New WHO recommendations on prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;123(3):254\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"4308_CR35","volume-title":"WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment or postpartum haemorrhage: evidence base","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment or postpartum haemorrhage: evidence base. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2012."},{"issue":"1","key":"4308_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.02.023","volume":"213","author":"JD Dahlke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dahlke JD, Mendez-Figueroa H, Maggio L, et al. Prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage: a comparison of 4 national guidelines. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(1):76.e1\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"4308_CR37","first-page":"CD000081","volume":"2","author":"H Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang H, Qian X, Carroli G, Garner P. Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD000081.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"4308_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01210.x","volume":"114","author":"A De Jonge","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Jonge A, van Diem MT, Scheepers PL, van der Pal-de Bruin KM, Lagro-Janssen AL. Increased blood loss in upright birthing positions originates from perineal damage. BJOG. 2007;114(3):349\u201355.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"4308_CR39","first-page":"CD002006","volume":"5","author":"JK Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta JK, Sood A, Hofmeyr GJ, Vogel JP. Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;5:CD002006.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"4308_CR40","first-page":"CD008070","volume":"11","author":"KF Walker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walker KF, Kibuka M, Thornton JG, Jones NW. Maternal position in the second stage of labour for women with epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;11:CD008070.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04308-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04308-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04308-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T05:03:25Z","timestamp":1619327005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04308-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04308-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interests"}}]}}