{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:52:07Z","timestamp":1791654727956,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004337","name":"St. George's University of London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are the most severe form of perineal trauma with potentially devastating effects on a mother\u2019s quality of life. There are various national guidelines available for their management. The aim of this study was to review and compare recommendations from published national guidelines regarding management and prevention of OASI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and COCHRANE databases from January 2008 till October 2019 using relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), including all subheadings. The guideline characteristics were mapped and methodological quality assessed with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool by three independent reviewers. To compare the methodological quality of the guidelines, the interpretation of the six domain scores were taken into consideration. By consensus of the authors, a score of 70% was taken as a cut-off, and scores above this were considered \u2018high quality\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen national guidelines on perineal trauma were included and analysed. Nine of these were specific to OASI. There is wide variation in methodological quality and evidence used for recommendations. AGREE scores for overall guideline assessment were &gt; 70% in eight of the guidelines, with Australia-Queensland, Canada, the UK and USA scoring highest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The wide variation in methodological quality and evidence used for recommendations suggests that there is a need for an agreed international guideline. This will enable healthcare practitioners to follow the same recommendations, with the most recent evidence, and provide evidence-based care to all women globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04464-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T05:09:03Z","timestamp":1597295343000},"page":"2247-2259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Review of available national guidelines for obstetric anal sphincter injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Joanna C.","family":"Roper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmala","family":"Amber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osanna Yee Ki","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul H.","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5279-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranee","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4464_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-59","volume":"13","author":"LA Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith LA, Price N, Simonite V, Burns EE. Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma: a prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:59 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-59.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"4464_CR2","volume-title":"Perineal and anal sphincter trauma: diagnosis and clinical management","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Thakar R, Fenner DE, editors. Perineal and anal sphincter trauma: diagnosis and clinical management. London: Springer; 2007."},{"key":"4464_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-019-02732-5","volume":"23","author":"M Aguiar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aguiar M, Farley A, Hope L, Amin A, Shah P, Manaseki-Holland S. Birth-related perineal trauma in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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No other conflicts of interest or financial disclaimers","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial disclaimer\/conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}