{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:17:47Z","timestamp":1778494667798,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Enh\u00f6rning\u2019s abdominal pressure transmission theory (ET) is built on Pascal\u2019s law of fluid pressures. A theory that rejects ET also rejects this basic physical law and cannot be considered scientifically sound. The integral theory (IT) of female stress urinary incontinence rejects ET. This issue is discussed from the viewpoint of the urethral hanging theory of female stress urinary incontinence (UHT).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04475-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T23:54:28Z","timestamp":1600214068000},"page":"2447-2449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Urethral closure occurs by recoiling, pressure transmission, and a guarding reflex"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-7811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo S.","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4475_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10085","volume":"22","author":"P Petros","year":"2003","unstructured":"Petros P. Changes in bladder neck geometry and closure pressure after midurethral anchoring suggest a musculoelastic mechanism activates closure. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003;22(3):191\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"4475_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petros PE. Urethral closure is by a reflex musculoelastic mechanism not pressure transmission. Int Urogynecol J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04434-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04434-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"4475_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23960","volume":"38","author":"BS Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m BS. More about the urethral hanging theory (UHT) and a response to Dr. Peter Petros\u2019 comments. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019;38(4):1178\u201383.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"3","key":"4475_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23018","volume":"36","author":"BS Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m BS. Urethral hanging theory. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36(3):826\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"4475_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-04170-x","volume":"31","author":"BS Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m BS. The urethral hanging theory and how it relates to Enh\u00f6rning\u2019s theory and the integral theory. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31:1175\u201380.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4475_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930140406","volume":"14","author":"PE Petros","year":"1995","unstructured":"Petros PE, Ulmsten U. Urethral pressure increase on effort originates from within the urethra, and continence from musculo-vaginal closure. Neurourol Urodyn. 1995;14(4):337\u201350.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"4475_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23426","volume":"37","author":"BS Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m BS. The integral theory of female stress urinary incontinence is not scientifically sound. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37:1184\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"4475_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m BS. Curative mechanisms of two tension-free vaginal tape positions. Theoretical comments based on the urethral hanging theory of female stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36(8):2181\u20132183","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23229"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04604-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000}}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04475-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04475-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04475-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1778493772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04475-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04475-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2020","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04604-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-020-04604-x","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}