{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T04:24:07Z","timestamp":1787545447703,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007657","name":"University of Ljubljana","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review analyzes published studies about magnetic stimulation (MS) treatment for UUI and determines whether this treatment is effective and non-invasive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. The international standard for reporting results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used to guide the methodology of this systematic review. The key search terms were as follows: \u201cmagnetic stimulation\u201d and \u201curinary incontinence.\u201d We limited the time frame to articles published from 1998, when the FDA approved MS as a conservative treatment option for UI. The last search was performed on 5 August 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two authors independently reviewed 234 article titles and abstracts, of which only 5 fitted the inclusion criteria. All 5 studies included women with UUI, but every study had different diagnostic and entry criteria for patients. They also differed in their treatment regimens and methodological approaches to assessing the efficacy of treating UUI with MS, which made it impossible to compare the results. Nonetheless, all five studies established that MS is an effective and non-invasive way of treating UUI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic literature review led to the conclusion that MS is an effective and conservative way of treating UUI. Despite this, literature in this area is lacking. Further randomized controlled trials are needed, with standardized entry criteria, UUI diagnostics, MS programs, and standardized protocols to measure the efficacy of MS in UUI treatment, with a longer follow-up period for post-treatment patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05492-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:04:04Z","timestamp":1678075444000},"page":"1669-1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Magnetic stimulation in the treatment of female urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Anti\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Pav\u010dnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolf","family":"Lukanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miha","family":"Matja\u0161i\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lukanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5492_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930070502","volume":"114","author":"P Abrams","year":"1988","unstructured":"Abrams P, Blaivas JG, Stanton SL, Andersen JT. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1988;114(5):5\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.1930070502.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"5492_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","volume":"29","author":"BT Haylen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20798.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"5492_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g4531","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4531","volume":"349","author":"LN Wood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wood LN, Anger JT. Urinary incontinence in women. BMJ. 2014;349:g4531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g4531.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"5492_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.01.045","volume":"82","author":"AK Nambiar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nambiar AK, Arlandis S, B\u00f8 K, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Female Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. I. Diagnostics, overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence, and mixed urinary incontinence. Eur Urol. 2022;82(1):49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.01.045.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5492_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11102805","volume":"11","author":"A Braga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Braga A, Castronovo F, Caccia G, et al. Efficacy of 3 Tesla functional magnetic stimulation for the treatment of female urinary incontinence. J Clin Med. 2022;11(10):2805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11102805.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"5492_CR6","volume-title":"EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence in adults","author":"FC Burkhard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burkhard FC, Bosch JLHR, Lemack GE, Nambiar AK, Thiruchelvam N, Tubaro A. EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence in adults. Arnhem: European Association of Urology; 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"5492_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20423","volume":"26","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Yasuda K, Yamanishi T, et al. Randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled evaluation of the effect of functional continuous magnetic stimulation in patients with urgency incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(6):767\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20423.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"8","key":"5492_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20167","volume":"26","author":"M Blank","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blank M. Do electromagnetic fields interact with electrons in the Na,K-ATPase? Bioelectromagnetics. 2005;26(8):677\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.20167.","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"5492_CR9","unstructured":"Ellingson SW. 8.8: The Maxwell-Faraday equation [Internet]. Engineering LibreTexts. Libretexts; 2022. Accessed 16 January 2023. Available from: https:\/\/eng.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Electrical_Engineering\/Electro-Optics\/Book%3A_Electromagnetics_I_ (Ellingson)\/08%3A_Time-Varying_Fields\/8.08%3A_The_Maxwell-Faraday_Equation?fbclid=IwAR32LEhurQdrncIzCWk-SM3jzppL9AoNGviLLmNTZuGQVWWi4lY5687-RH."},{"key":"5492_CR10","unstructured":"Faraday\u2019s law of induction [Internet]. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. Accessed 16 January 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Faradays-law-of-induction."},{"issue":"21","key":"5492_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5210","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215210","volume":"10","author":"D Lukanovi\u0107","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lukanovi\u0107 D, Kuni\u010d T, Batkoska M, Matja\u0161i\u010d M, Barbi\u010d M. Effectiveness of magnetic stimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence: a systematic review and results of our study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21):5210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10215210.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5492_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45330-9","volume":"9","author":"Q He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He Q, Xiao K, Peng L, et al. An effective meta-analysis of magnetic stimulation therapy for urinary incontinence. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-45330-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"5492_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22672","volume":"34","author":"R Lim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lim R, Lee SWH, Tan PY, Liong ML, Yuen KH. Efficacy of electromagnetic therapy for urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Neurouol Urodyn. 2015;34(8):713\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.22672.","journal-title":"Neurouol Urodyn"},{"key":"5492_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","volume":"10","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5492_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0325-5","volume":"17","author":"M Pollock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pollock M, Fernandes RM, Hartling L. Evaluation of AMSTAR to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews in overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-017-0325-5.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"5492_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966632","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.966632","volume":"9","author":"M Mohseni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohseni M, Ameri H, Arab-Zozani M. Potential limitations in systematic review studies assessing the effect of the main intervention for treatment\/therapy of COVID-19 patients: an overview. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:966632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.966632.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5492_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0527-2","volume":"6","author":"K Pussegoda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pussegoda K, Turner L, Garritty C, et al. Systematic review adherence to methodological or reporting quality. Syst Rev. 2017;6(1):131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-017-0527-2.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5492_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2003.04659.x","volume":"93","author":"DD Chandi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chandi DD, Groenendijk PM, Venema PL. Functional extracorporeal magnetic stimulation as a treatment for female urinary incontinence: \u201cthe chair.\u201d. BJU Int. 2004;93(4):539\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2003.04659.x.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"5492_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1243-5","volume":"282","author":"M Do\u011fanay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Do\u011fanay M, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 S, Y\u0131lmaz N. Long-term effects of extracorporeal magnetic innervations in the treatment of women with urinary incontinence: results of 3-year follow-up. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;282(1):49\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-009-1243-5.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"5492_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12289","volume":"21","author":"T Yamanishi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamanishi T, Homma Y, Nishizawa O, Yasuda K, Yokoyama O. Multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled study on the efficacy of magnetic stimulation for women with urgency urinary incontinence. Int J Urol. 2014;21(4):395\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iju.12289.","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5492_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310021258","volume":"37","author":"A \u00dcnsal","year":"2003","unstructured":"\u00dcnsal A, Saglam R, Cimentepe E. Extracorporeal magnetic stimulation for the treatment of stress and urge incontinence in women\u2014results of 1-year follow-up. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2003;37(5):424\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365590310021258.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5492_CR22","first-page":"e52","volume":"5","author":"M Elfil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elfil M, Negida A. Sampling methods in clinical research; an educational review. Emerg (Tehran). 2017;5(1):e52.","journal-title":"Emerg (Tehran)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5492_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160254","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160254","volume":"4","author":"E Dumas-Mallet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dumas-Mallet E, Button KS, Boraud T, Gonon F, Munaf\u00f2 MR. Low statistical power in biomedical science: a review of three human research domains. R Soc Open Sci. 2017;4(2):160254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.160254.","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5492_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193146.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"5492_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattiasson A, Djurhuus JC, Fonda D, Lose G, Nordling J, St\u00f6hrer M. Standardization of outcome studies in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction: a report on general principles from the Standardisation Committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 1998;17(3):249\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1520-6777(1998)17:3<249::aid-nau9>3.0.co;2-d.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1998)17:3<249::AID-NAU9>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"issue":"6","key":"5492_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20689","volume":"28","author":"M Rotar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rotar M, Trsinar B, Kisner K, et al. Correlations between the ICIQ-UI short form and urodynamic diagnosis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2009;28(6):501\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20689.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-023-05492-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-023-05492-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-023-05492-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T06:08:26Z","timestamp":1692425306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-023-05492-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["5492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-023-05492-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}