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The primary hypothesis was that combination therapy is superior to monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A randomized controlled trial was performed in individuals identifying as female aged \u2265 18 years with UUI symptoms refractory to second-line treatment or who could not tolerate antimuscarinic medications. Both participants and providers were blinded to medication treatment allocation. Participants were randomized (1:1) to PTNS plus mirabegron or PTNS plus placebo. Participants completed a 3-day bladder diary prior to and after 12-week treatment. Validated symptom distress and impact questionnaires were obtained pre- and post-treatment. The primary outcome was change in mean number of UUIEs on a 3-day bladder diary pre- versus post-treatment between arms. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed via sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-four subjects were randomized, mean \u00b1 SD baseline age 56.2\u00b115.6 years and body mass index 35.0\u00b19.4 (kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>); no differences were noted in any clinical\u2013demographic characteristics. There was a significant difference between arms in mean pre- to post-treatment UUIEs, 9.4\u00b13.9, mirabegron versus 5.3\u00b15.5, placebo (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.007). Significant differences were found pre- compared with post-treatment in urinary frequency, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form Symptom Bother and Symptom Health-Related Quality of Life scores.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In subjects undergoing PTNS treatment for refractory UUI and OAB-wet symptoms, the addition of a \u03b2-3 agonist produced significant improvement in both objective and subjective overactive bladder symptom outcomes compared with PTNS plus placebo.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05835-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T08:02:22Z","timestamp":1722844942000},"page":"1709-1717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation With versus Without Mirabegron: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Russell F.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isuzu","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina T.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7741-5771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly E.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5835_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001148","volume":"126","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2015","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 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