{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:52:17Z","timestamp":1789181537864,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Introduction and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>Congenital cervicovaginal agenesis in the presence of a functional endometrium is a rare M\u00fcllerian anomaly. The management ranges from hysterectomy historically to various reconstructive procedures more recently. We report our experience with utero-colo-vaginoplasty in the management of this anomaly and its long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>The case records of all the patients with vaginal or cervicovaginal agenesis in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were then called for an outpatient visit and examined in detail. The anatomical variations, surgical procedures and outcomes were recorded and analysed.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>Sixteen patients aged 14 to 26\u00a0years were included during the study period. They presented with cyclical painful cryptomenorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed cervicovaginal or distal vaginal agenesis. All the patients underwent utero-colo-vaginoplasty. Intraoperative rectal injury led to post-operative faecal leak from the perineal wound in one patient in the post-operative period. Restoration of painless menstrual flow was possible in all 16 cases. Long-term complications were seen in 4 patients. These were stenosis of the perineal neovaginal orifice in 2 patients, obstruction at colo-uterine anastomosis in 1 patient and mucosal prolapse at the neovagina in 1 patient. Three of these patients needed secondary surgical procedures. Five were sexually active and reported consummation of penetrative intercourse. None of them had conceived.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>In our experience, utero-colo-vaginoplasty allows for regular painless menstruation and coitus with minimal long-term complications. The sole disadvantage is the failure to conceive.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05878-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T15:01:46Z","timestamp":1722006106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-Term Outcomes of the Restoration of Uterovaginal Continuity and Vaginoplasty\u2014Utero-Colo-Neovaginoplasty\u2014in Cervicovaginal Agenesis Using the Sigmoid Colon"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sundeep Payyanur","family":"Thotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh P","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratap Kumar","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin G","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjani","family":"Rammohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5878_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200612000-00059","volume":"108","author":"ACOG Committee on Adolescent Health Care","year":"2006","unstructured":"ACOG Committee on Adolescent Health Care. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 355: Vaginal agenesis: diagnosis, management, and routine care. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(6):1605\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006250-200612000-00059.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5878_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(97)70085-1","volume":"177","author":"VY Fujimoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fujimoto VY, Miller JH, Klein NA, Soules MR. Congenital cervical atresia: report of seven cases and review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177(6):1419\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9378(97)70085-1.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5878_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2012.03.017","volume":"19","author":"A Kriplani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kriplani A, Kachhawa G, Awasthi D, Kulshrestha V. Laparoscopic-assisted uterovaginal anastomosis in congenital atresia of uterine cervix: follow-up study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2012;19(4):477\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmig.2012.03.017.","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5878_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828x.1994.tb01273.x","volume":"34","author":"JR Fliegner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fliegner JR, Pepperell RJ. Management of vaginal agenesis with a functioning uterus. Is hysterectomy advisable? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;34(4):467\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1479-828x.1994.tb01273.x.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5878_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.8.1722","volume":"16","author":"JV Deffarges","year":"2001","unstructured":"Deffarges JV, Haddad B, Musset R, Paniel BJ. Utero-vaginal anastomosis in women with uterine cervix atresia: long-term follow-up and reproductive performance. A study of 18 cases. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(8):1722\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/16.8.1722.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"7","key":"5878_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198907000-00011","volume":"44","author":"JH Jacob","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jacob JH, Griffin WT. Surgical reconstruction of the congenitally atretic cervix: two cases. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1989;44(7):556\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006254-198907000-00011.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"8","key":"5878_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-009-2391-1","volume":"25","author":"L Kannaiyan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kannaiyan L, Chacko J, George A, Sen S. Colon replacement of vagina to restore menstrual function in 11 adolescent girls with vaginal or cervicovaginal agenesis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009;25(8):675\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-009-2391-1.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"5878_CR8","first-page":"3460","volume-title":"Campbell Walsh urology","author":"M Kaefer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaefer M. Management of abnormalities of the genitalia in girls. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA. (eds.) Campbell Walsh Urology, 11th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2016. p. 3460\u20133465.","edition":"11"},{"issue":"6","key":"5878_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)59942-7","volume":"49","author":"American Fertility Society","year":"1988","unstructured":"American Fertility Society. The American Fertility Society classifications of adnexal adhesions, distal tubal occlusion, tubal occlusion secondary to tubal ligation, tubal pregnancies, m\u00fcllerian anomalies and intrauterine adhesions. Fertil Steril. 1988;49(6):944\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)59942-7.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"5878_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem420","volume":"23","author":"P Aci\u00e9n","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aci\u00e9n P, Aci\u00e9n MI, Quereda F, Santoyo T. Cervicovaginal agenesis: spontaneous gestation at term after previous reimplantation of the uterine corpus in a neovagina: Case Report. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(3):548\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dem420.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"5878_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.05.036","volume":"84","author":"P Oppelt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oppelt P, Renner SP, Brucker S, et al. The VCUAM (Vagina Cervix Uterus Adnex-associated Malformation) classification: a new classification for genital malformations. Fertil Steril. 2005;84(5):1493\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.05.036.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"8","key":"5878_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det098","volume":"28","author":"GF Grimbizis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, et al. The ESHRE\/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(8):2032\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/det098.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"10","key":"5878_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-014-3550-6","volume":"30","author":"S Kisku","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kisku S, Varghese L, Kekre A, et al. Cervicovaginal atresia with hematometra: restoring menstrual and sexual function by utero-coloneovaginoplasty. Pediatr Surg Int. 2014;30(10):1051\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-014-3550-6.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"5878_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.024","volume":"94","author":"JA Rock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rock JA, Roberts CP, Jones HW Jr. Congenital anomalies of the uterine cervix: lessons from 30 cases managed clinically by a common protocol. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(5):1858\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.024.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"8","key":"5878_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019464","volume":"11","author":"G Nargund","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nargund G, Parsons J. A successful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment in a woman with previous vaginoplasty for congenital absence of vagina. Hum Reprod. 1996;11(8):1654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019464.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"5878_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105740","volume":"183","author":"B Chakravarty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chakravarty B, Konar H, Chowdhury NN. Pregnancies after reconstructive surgery for congenital cervicovaginal atresia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183(2):421\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2000.105740.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5878_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.168","volume":"89","author":"L Fedele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fedele L, Bianchi S, Frontino G, Berlanda N, Montefusco S, Borruto F. Laparoscopically assisted uterovestibular anastomosis in patients with uterine cervix atresia and vaginal aplasia. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(1):212\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.168.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"5878_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e3283478839","volume":"23","author":"CP Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts CP, Rock JA. Surgical methods in the treatment of congenital anomalies of the uterine cervix. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;23(4):251\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GCO.0b013e3283478839.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5878_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14342","volume":"160","author":"S Alborzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alborzi S, Najarkolaee EH, Askary E, et al. Successful laparoscopic sigmoid transposition for cervicovaginal agenesis in the presence of a functioning uterus: a case series. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023;160(1):271\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.14342.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"5878_CR20","first-page":"448","volume":"59","author":"JA Rock","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rock JA, Zacur HA, Dlugi AM, Jones HW Jr, TeLinde RW. Pregnancy success following surgical correction of imperforate hymen and complete transverse vaginal septum. Obstet Gynecol. 1982;59(4):448\u201351.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5878_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr021","volume":"17","author":"P Aci\u00e9n","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aci\u00e9n P, Aci\u00e9n MI. The history of female genital tract malformation classifications and proposal of an updated system. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17(5):693\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmr021.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"1","key":"5878_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr021","volume":"16","author":"GT Kovacs","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kovacs GT, King C, Cameron I, et al. A comparison of vaginal ultrasonic-guided and laparoscopic retrieval of oocytes for in vitro fertilization. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;16(1):39\u201343.","journal-title":"Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05878-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05878-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05878-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T15:01:52Z","timestamp":1722006112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05878-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["5878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05878-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was a retrospective medical record-based study. Consent to follow-up interviews was obtained during the outpatient visits.The study was approved by Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital Institutional Ethics committee, Manipal, India, vide their Letter no. IEC 492\/2020.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Statement"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}