{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:26:33Z","timestamp":1780323993844,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023581","name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2139321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2139321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024042","name":"Reproductive Scientist Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HD115093-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HD115093-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-025-06390-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:41:19Z","timestamp":1763556079000},"page":"1317-1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Pubovisceral Avulsion on Perineal Body Descent and Prolapse Development"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3192-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Durwash","family":"Badr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam C.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Chill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Hadizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazaleh","family":"Rostaminia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Abramowitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.10.602","volume":"192","author":"S Swift","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swift S, Woodman P, O\u2019Boyle A, Kahn M, Valley M, Bland D, et al. Pelvic organ support study (POSST): the distribution, clinical definition, and epidemiologic condition of pelvic organ support defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(3):795\u2013806.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2007.00748.x","volume":"47","author":"HP Dietz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dietz HP, Gillespie AV, Phadke P. Avulsion of the pubovisceral muscle associated with large vaginal tear after normal vaginal delivery at term. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;47(4):341\u20134.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6390_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c2ce96","volume":"114","author":"JM Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu JM, Hundley AF, Fulton RG, Myers ER. Forecasting the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in US women: 2010 to 2050. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(6):1278\u201383.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6390_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91562-O","volume":"166","author":"JO DeLancey","year":"1992","unstructured":"DeLancey JO. Anatomie aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(6):1717\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-6349.2001.10182.x","volume":"81","author":"E Samuelsson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Samuelsson E, Ladfors L, Lindblom B, Hagberg H. A prospective observational study on tears during vaginal delivery: occurrences and risk factors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81(1):44\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"6390_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02704.x","volume":"117","author":"KL Shek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shek KL, Dietz HP. Intrapartum risk factors for levator trauma. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2010;117(12):1485\u201392.","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR7","first-page":"46","volume":"101","author":"JO DeLancey","year":"2003","unstructured":"DeLancey JO, Kearney R, Chou Q, Speights S, Binno S. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101(1):46\u201353.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6390_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1805-0","volume":"23","author":"K Lammers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lammers K, F\u00fctterer JJ, Prokop M, Vierhout ME, Kluivers KB. Diagnosing pubovisceral avulsions: a systematic review of the clinical relevance of a prevalent anatomical defect. Int Urogynecol J. 2012;23:1653\u201364.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-013-0261-9","volume":"4","author":"K Lammers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lammers K, Prokop M, Vierhout ME, Kluivers KB, F\u00fctterer JJ. A pictorial overview of pubovisceral muscle avulsions on pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging. Insights Imaging. 2013;4(4):431\u201341.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"6390_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05482-9","volume":"34","author":"CX Hong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hong CX, Nandikanti L, Shrosbree B, Delancey JO, Chen L. Variations in structural support site failure patterns by prolapse size on stress 3D MRI. Int Urogynecol J. 2023;34(8):1923\u201331.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"8","key":"6390_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22649","volume":"34","author":"J Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim J, Betschart C, Ramanah R, Ashton-Miller JA, DeLancey JO. Anatomy of the pubovisceral muscle origin: macroscopic and microscopic findings within the injury zone. Neurourol Urodyn. 2015;34(8):774\u201380.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"6390_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05733-3","author":"A Regendova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Regendova A, Samesova A, Zapletalova K, Horejskova S, Svata Z, Hrdouskova M, et al. Comparison of cross-sectional area of pubovisceral muscle in nulliparous and primiparous women. Int Urogynecol J. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05733-3.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"6390_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13138","volume":"18","author":"AC Kraima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kraima AC, West NP, Treanor D, Magee D, Roberts N, van de Velde CJ, et al. The anatomy of the perineal body in relation to abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2016;18(7):688\u201395.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"6390_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larson KA, Yousuf A, Lewicky-Gaupp C, Fenner DE, DeLancey JO. Perineal body anatomy in living women: 3-dimensional analysis using thin-slice magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(5):494.e15-.e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.008"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e448","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000960","volume":"27","author":"V Handa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Handa V, Blomquist J, Carroll M, Munoz A. Genital hiatus size and the development of prolapse among parous women. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2021;27(2):e448-52.","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"6390_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3393\/jksc.2010.26.6.395","volume":"26","author":"HN Baek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baek HN, Hwang YH, Jung YH. Clinical significance of perineal descent in pelvic outlet obstruction diagnosed by using defecography. J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(6):395.","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Coloproctol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6390_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03150-z","volume":"51","author":"MR Routzong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Routzong MR, Moalli PA, Rostaminia G, Abramowitch SD. Morphological variation in the pelvic floor muscle complex of nulliparous, pregnant, and parous women. Ann Biomed Eng. 2023;51(7):1461\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"6390_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-025-06101-5","author":"LC Martin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martin LC, Hadizadeh A, Chill HH, Badr D, Abramowitch SD, Rostaminia G. Differences in pelvic muscular shape and thickness in women with and without significant bladder descent. Int Urogynecol J. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06101-5.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2020.1813281","volume":"24","author":"MR Routzong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Routzong MR, Rostaminia G, Bowen ST, Goldberg RP, Abramowitch SD. Statistical shape modeling of the pelvic floor to evaluate women with obstructed defecation symptoms. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2021;24(2):122\u201330.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"key":"6390_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03934-9","volume":"31","author":"G Rostaminia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rostaminia G, Abramowitch S, Chang C, Goldberg RP. Descent and hypermobility of the rectum in women with obstructed defecation symptoms. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31:337\u201349.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"6390_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steele S, Lin F, Le T-L, Medline A, Higgins M, Sandberg A, et al. Segmentation and linear measurement for body composition analysis using Slice-O-Matic and Horos. J Vis Exp. 2021;169(10.3791):61674.","DOI":"10.3791\/61674-v"},{"key":"6390_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin L, Routzong M, Moalli P, Rostaminia G, Abramowitch S. Shape changes in midsagittal sacrum and coccyx shape during pregnancy and after delivery: main research article. Authorea Preprints. 2020.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.160728438.81359922\/v1"},{"key":"6390_CR23","unstructured":"Horos. Horos - Free DICOM medical image viewer: horosproject.org; Available from: https:\/\/horosproject.org"},{"key":"6390_CR24","unstructured":"Ayachit U. The paraview guide: a parallel visualization application: Kitware, Inc.; 2015."},{"key":"6390_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105516","volume":"194","author":"MR Routzong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Routzong MR, Rostaminia G, Moalli PA, Abramowitch SD. Pelvic floor shape variations during pregnancy and after vaginal delivery. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2020;194:105516.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"6390_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f4ne A, Louis M, Martin B, Durrleman S, editors. Deformetrica 4: an open-source software for statistical shape analysis. Shape in medical imaging: international workshop, ShapeMI 2018, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2018, Granada, Spain, September 20, 2018, Proceedings. 2018; Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04747-4_1"},{"key":"6390_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Handa VL, Roem J, Blomquist JL, Dietz HP, Mu\u00f1oz A. Pelvic organ prolapse as a function of levator ani avulsion, hiatus size, and strength. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(1):41.e1-. e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.004"},{"issue":"12","key":"6390_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz195","volume":"188","author":"VL Handa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Handa VL, Blomquist JL, Carroll M, Roem J, Mu\u00f1oz A. Longitudinal changes in the genital hiatus preceding the development of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(12):2196\u2013201.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6390_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark NA, Brincat CA, Yousuf AA, DeLancey JO. Levator defects affect perineal position independently of prolapse status. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(6):595.e17-. e22.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.07.044"},{"issue":"2 Part 1","key":"6390_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250901.57095.ba","volume":"109","author":"JO DeLancey","year":"2007","unstructured":"DeLancey JO, Morgan DM, Fenner DE, Kearney R, Guire K, Miller JM, et al. Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(2 Part 1):295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-061008-124823","volume":"11","author":"JA Ashton-Miller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ashton-Miller JA, DeLancey JO. On the biomechanics of vaginal birth and common sequelae. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2009;11(1):163\u201376.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"6390_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alperin M, Cook M, Tuttle LJ, Esparza MC, Lieber RL. Impact of vaginal parity and aging on the architectural design of pelvic floor muscles. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(3):312. e1-.e9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.033"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06390-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06390-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06390-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:43:42Z","timestamp":1780321422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06390-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["6390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-025-06390-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"IRB # EH21-159\u2014approved by the International Review Board at NorthShore University Healthsystem.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}