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The primary objective was to estimate the prevalence of the incontinence types in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study (BWHS) and extrapolate these findings to Black women in the USA by integrating BWHS prevalence with the 2020 US Census data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among BWHS participants\u00a0responding to the biennial follow-up questionnaire administered in 2011, we assessed the prevalence of UI in all women (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938,100) and the prevalence of FI and DI in post-menopausal women (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919,244). We then standardized age-specific prevalences from BWHS\u00a0using the\u00a02020 US Census weights\u00a0to\u00a0extrapolate findings to\u00a0self-identified Black women\u00a0in the USA.\u00a0All analyses were conducted using R version 4.3.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately\u00a0one in two participants reported having UI at least once a year (50.6%). Among post-menopausal women, 14% reported any FI, and 10% reported DI.\u00a0Extrapolating estimates from\u00a0BWHS data to the 2020 US\u00a0Census data for US Black women aged 35\u00a0years or older,\u00a0approximately 5.6 million Black women\u00a0(95% CI\u2009=\u20095.42\u20135.80 million)\u00a0had UI,\u00a0784,529\u00a0women had FI\u00a0(95% CI\u2009=\u20090.70\u20130.91 million),\u00a0and 608,710 women had DI\u00a0(95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20090.53\u20130.72 million).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large study among community dwelling Black women, prevalence estimates of UI, FI, and DI are higher than previously reported, translating to over five million affected US Black women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-025-06461-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:17:23Z","timestamp":1769170643000},"page":"2123-2131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Incontinence in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6649-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ukpebo","family":"Omosigho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Cozier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayush","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6461_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001127","volume":"28","author":"UJ Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel UJ, Godecker AL, Giles DL, Brown HW. 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