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Instruction to contract properly is essential for effective PFM training (PFMT). The study aimed to compare two groups of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI): one group that received verbal instructions and body awareness techniques, and a second group that also incorporated vaginal palpation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Randomized control trial with two groups;\u00a0176\u00a0women\u00a0with\u00a0SUI\u00a0were included (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200988\u00a0in each group).\u00a0The experimental group received\u00a0vaginal palpation, body awareness techniques, and\u00a0verbal instructions on PFM anatomy and function. The control group received\u00a0similar\u00a0body awareness techniques and\u00a0verbal instructions.\u00a0The primary outcome was the number of PFM fast voluntary contractions. Secondary outcomes included PFM performance (Oxford scale) and endurance,\u00a0simultaneous external muscles groups (abdominal, gluteal, hip adductor)\u00a0contractions, and self-efficacy and expectations for the results.\u00a0Outcomes were measured after a 4-week intervention.\u00a0Per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis were performed.\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009\u2264\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both interventions groups increased the number of fast voluntary contractions [PP OR \u22120.1 (95% CI \u22120.8 to 0.5),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.717];\u00a0(ITT\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.804). PFM voluntary contraction\u00a0(\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.121)\u00a0and muscle endurance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.757) were similar between groups. Reduction in simultaneous contractions of gluteus maximus was more pronounced in the experimental group compared to the control group (8.9% vs. 26.9% of patients, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003).\u00a0Both groups showed similar ability to perform PFM contractions and similar self-perception of results, motivation, and confidence of PFM exercises.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaginal palpation provided limited additional benefit in improving voluntary PFM performance in women able to perform an initial voluntary contraction but was associated with improved contraction selectivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-026-06775-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:41:29Z","timestamp":1782477689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Vaginal Palpation on Voluntary Pelvic Floor Muscle Performance During Early Motor Learning in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI): A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"de Azevedo Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima Fan\u00ed","family":"Fitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia Maria","family":"Gimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayanni Magda Pereira","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Augusta Tezelli","family":"Bortolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Aquino","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"6775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9","volume":"21","author":"BT Haylen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haylen BT, Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, et al. 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