{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T09:14:21Z","timestamp":1788167661326,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004202","name":"Ondokuz Mayis \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BAP04-A-2025-5865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAP04-A-2025-5865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-026-06840-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T08:19:03Z","timestamp":1788164343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Urinary Incontinence Awareness and Bladder Habits with Quality of Life Among Health Care Professionals Working in High-Risk Units"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7879-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebrar","family":"Cakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Figen","family":"Cavusoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"6840_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Urinary Incontinence. Module 16, Version 2.0: Facilitator Guide. World Health Organization. Istanbul: WHO. Accessed 10 December 2025. https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/mca-documents\/ageing\/icope-training-programme\/revised-modules-19-may-2025\/who-icope_m16_urinary-incontinence_fg.pdf?sfvrsn=37890a8a_3"},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","volume":"29","author":"BT Haylen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20798.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"8","key":"6840_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23806","volume":"37","author":"A Markland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Markland A, Chu H, Epperson CN, Nodora J, Shoham D, Smith A, et al. Occupation and lower urinary tract symptoms in women: a rapid review and meta-analysis from the PLUS research consortium. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(8):2881\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.23806.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.46237\/amusbfd.886225","volume":"6","author":"\u015e \u015eim\u015fek","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u015eim\u015fek \u015e, Ya\u011fc\u0131 N. Examination of urinary incontinence and incontinence knowledge levels among female healthcare workers. Adnan Menderes Univ J Health Sci. 2022;6(1):77\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46237\/amusbfd.886225","journal-title":"Adnan Menderes Univ J Health Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6840_CR5","first-page":"496","volume":"6","author":"AUB Pethiyagoda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pethiyagoda AUB, Pethiyagoda K. Prevalence of urinary incontinence among health care workers in Sri Lanka. Eur J Biomed Pharm Sci. 2019;6(4):496\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Biomed Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"6840_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12798","volume":"70","author":"D Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu D, Chen L, Wan X, Zhang Y, Liu N, Wang K. Toileting behaviour and related health beliefs among Chinese female nurses. Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70(5):416\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcp.12798.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"6840_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05341.x","volume":"66","author":"K Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang K, Palmer MH. Women\u2019s toileting behaviour related to urinary elimination: concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(8):1874\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05341.x.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"6840_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12592","volume":"69","author":"MH Palmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palmer MH, Newman DK. Women\u2019s toileting behaviours: an online survey of female advanced practice providers. Int J Clin Pract. 2015;69(4):429\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcp.12592.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"6840_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001333","volume":"29","author":"A Perlow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perlow A, Joyce CJ, Bennis S, Mueller ER, Fitzgerald CM. Toileting behaviors and lower urinary tract symptoms among female physicians and medical students. Urogynecology (Phil). 2023;29(8):678\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001333.","journal-title":"Urogynecology (Phila)"},{"key":"6840_CR10","unstructured":"Erik K. The relationship between incontinence awareness and attitudes and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence. Master's thesis, Istanbul Gedik University Graduate School of Education, Istanbul, 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22764-y","volume":"15","author":"YH Cho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cho YH, Cho M-K. Impact of knowledge, attitudes, symptoms, and self-management of urinary incontinence on the quality of life in middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-22764-y.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"6840_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24042","volume":"38","author":"LG Lopes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopes LG, Vasconcelos CTM, Neto JAV, Ori\u00e1 MOB, Saboia DM, Gomes MLS, et al. A systematic review of the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of pelvic floor dysfunctions in nurses. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019;38(6):1492\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24042.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"7","key":"6840_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05831-2","volume":"35","author":"Y Karaaslan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karaaslan Y, Korkut Z, Yilmaz H, Guneyligil Kazaz T, Toprak Celenay S. Lower urinary tract symptoms, toileting behaviors, and pelvic floor health knowledge in younger and older women. Int Urogynecol J. 2024;35(7):1457\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05831-2.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"6840_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13951","volume":"75","author":"H Pierce","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pierce H, Perry L, Gallagher R, Chiarelli P. Culture, teams, and organizations: a qualitative exploration of female nurses\u2019 and midwives\u2019 experiences of urinary symptoms at work. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75(6):1284\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.13951.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.46414\/yasad.1436396","volume":"17","author":"GY Gunes Gencer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gunes Gencer GY, G\u00f6kta\u015f \u0130, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Uz B. Examination of genital hygiene, quality of life, and urinary incontinence awareness in post-menopausal women after an earthquake. J Gerontol Res. 2024;17(1):32\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46414\/yasad.1436396.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6840_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.33631\/duzcesbed.552334","volume":"10","author":"K Amanak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amanak K, Sevil \u00dc. Comparison of life satisfaction and social anxiety levels in women with and without urinary incontinence. D\u00fczce Univ J Health Sci Instit. 2020;10(2):217\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33631\/duzcesbed.552334.","journal-title":"D\u00fczce Univ J Health Sci Instit"},{"issue":"6","key":"6840_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000921","volume":"49","author":"\u0130A Avci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Avci \u0130A, \u00d6z Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00d6, Eren D\u00c7. Urinary Incontinence Awareness and Attitude Scale (URINAS): a reliability and validity study. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2022;49(6):551\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WON.0000000000000921.","journal-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs"},{"key":"6840_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451721","volume":"3","author":"SA Shumaker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shumaker SA, Wyman JF, Uebersax JS, McClish D, Fantl JA. Health-related quality of life measures for women with urinary incontinence: the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Continence Program in Women (CPW) Research Group. Qual Life Res. 1994;3:291\u2013306.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"6840_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930140206","volume":"14","author":"JS Uebersax","year":"1995","unstructured":"Uebersax JS, Wyman JF, Shumaker SA, McClish D, Fantl JA. Short forms to assess life quality and symptom distress for urinary incontinence in women: The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Continence Program for Women Research Group. Neurourol Urodyn. 1995;14:131\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20292","volume":"26","author":"C Cam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cam C, Sakalli M, Ay P, Cam M, Karateke A. Validation of the short forms of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) in a Turkish population. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(1):129\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20292.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61010052","volume":"61","author":"\u0130 Uysal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Uysal \u0130, Do\u011fruk\u00f6k \u00d6N, Golcuk Y, \u00d6zden F, \u00d6zkeskin M, Ba\u015fer M, et al. Urinary incontinence in men with stroke: a cross-sectional study. Medicina. 2025;61(1):52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61010052.","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"9","key":"6840_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05895-0","volume":"35","author":"FM Kreines","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kreines FM, Cox CK, Mumford SL, Harvie HS, Arya LA, Andy UU. Validation of lower urinary tract symptom questionnaire in the transmasculine population. Int Urogynecol J. 2024;35(9):1881\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05895-0.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"6840_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"6840_CR24","first-page":"85","volume":"9","author":"R P\u0131nar","year":"1995","unstructured":"P\u0131nar R. A new concept in health research: quality of life, testing the validity and reliability of a quality of life scale in chronic patients. Nurs Bull. 1995;9:85\u201395.","journal-title":"Nurs Bull"},{"key":"6840_CR25","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows step by step: a simple guide and reference, 17.0 update","author":"D George","year":"2010","unstructured":"George D, Mallery M. SPSS for Windows step by step: a simple guide and reference, 17.0 update. 10a ed. London: Pearson; 2010.","edition":"10a ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"6840_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23568","volume":"37","author":"J Krhut","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krhut J, G\u00e4rtner M, Mokris J, Horcicka L, Svabik K, Zachoval R, et al. Effect of severity of urinary incontinence on quality of life in women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(6):1925\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.23568.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"6840_CR27","unstructured":"Demir S. Quality of life and health-seeking behaviors in women with urinary incontinence. Master's thesis, Hali\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2024."},{"key":"6840_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487330","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1487330","volume":"12","author":"G Sologuren-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sologuren-Garc\u00eda G, Linares CL, Flores JR, Escobar-Bermejo G, Sotelo-Gonzales S, Fagerstrom CK. Associated factors and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence in southern Peru, 2023. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1487330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1487330.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"6840_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520931348","volume":"48","author":"S Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng S, Lin D, Hu T, Cao L, Liao H, Mou X, et al. Association of urinary incontinence and depression or anxiety: a meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(6):300060520931348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060520931348.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01446-5","volume":"18","author":"M Gil-Lacruz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gil-Lacruz M, Gil-Lacruz AI, Gracia-P\u00e9rez ML. Health-related quality of life in young people: the importance of education. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-020-01446-5.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"7","key":"6840_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-022-03100-7","volume":"31","author":"B Swift","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swift B, Naci H, Taneri B, Becker CM, Zondervan KT, Rahmioglu N. The Cyprus Women\u2019s Health Research (COHERE) initiative: normative data from the SF-36v2 questionnaire for reproductive aged women from the Eastern Mediterranean. Qual Life Res. 2022;31(7):2011\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-022-03100-7.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6840_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.2478\/jccm-2022-0012","volume":"8","author":"E Vamvakas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vamvakas E, Kontogeorgou I, Ntaountaki A, Karkouli G, Pisimisi E, Karampekiou E, et al. Occupational stress and quality of life among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Crit Care Med (T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219). 2022;8(3):182\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jccm-2022-0012.","journal-title":"J Crit Care Med (T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219)"},{"issue":"7","key":"6840_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.03.006","volume":"126","author":"F Kheiraoui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kheiraoui F, Gualano MR, Mannocci A, Boccia A, La Torre G. Quality of life among healthcare workers: a multicentre cross-sectional study in Italy. Public Health. 2012;126(7):624\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.03.006.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"6840_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e20","volume":"36","author":"J Pyo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pyo J, Ock M, Park B, Kim NE, Choi EJ, Park H, et al. Meaning and status of health-related quality of life recognized by medical professionals: a qualitative study. J Korean Med Sci. 2021;36(3):e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e20.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6840_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y","volume":"33","author":"D Pizzol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pizzol D, Demurtas J, Celotto S, Maggi S, Smith L, Angiolelli G, et al. Urinary incontinence and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(1):25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6840_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcgg.2014.03.002","volume":"5","author":"S \u015eahin-Onat","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u015eahin-Onat S, \u00dcnsal-Delialio\u011flu S, G\u00fczel O, U\u00e7ar D. Relationship between urinary incontinence and quality of life\/depression in elderly patients. J Clin Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;5(3):86\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"6840_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-022-05365-5","volume":"34","author":"JA Ram\u00edrez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez JA, Tirado PO, Samur CS, Gamboa CV, Oliveres XC. Health-related quality of life in women aged 20\u201364 years with urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J. 2023;34(7):1405\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-022-05365-5.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"6840_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000813","volume":"27","author":"SD Goodridge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goodridge SD, Chisholm LP, Heft J, Hartigan S, Kaufman M, Dmochowski RR, et al. Association of knowledge and presence of pelvic floor disorders and participation in pelvic floor exercises: a cross-sectional study. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2021;27(5):310\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000813.","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"6840_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S160057","volume":"13","author":"A Radzimi\u0144ska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Radzimi\u0144ska A, Str\u0105czy\u0144ska A, Weber-Rajek M, Styczy\u0144ska H, Strojek K, Piekorz Z. The impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:957\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S160057.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"6840_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104559","volume":"25","author":"R Gr\u00f6nkvist","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6nkvist R, Vixner L, \u00c4ng B, Grimby-Ekman A. Measurement error, minimal detectable change, and minimal clinically important difference of the Short Form-36 Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Pain Numeric Rating Scale in patients with chronic pain. J Pain. 2024;25(9):104559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104559.","journal-title":"J Pain"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06840-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06840-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06840-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T08:19:06Z","timestamp":1788164346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06840-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["6840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06840-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee of Ondokuz Mayis University (Decision No: 2024\/873). Institutional permission was also obtained from the hospitals where the data were collected. In addition, permission to use the scales was secured via email from the researchers who conducted the Turkish validity and reliability studies. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical\/Institutional Review Board Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}