{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:10:18Z","timestamp":1792782618278,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FL240100217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FL240100217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Adelaide University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028g18b61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative effectiveness of surgical approaches to apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP) remains uncertain, particularly regarding recurrence, reoperation and mesh-related outcomes over the available follow-up. The objective was to compare the effectiveness and safety of surgical treatments for primary apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP) using a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comprehensive searches were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, WHO, and ICTRP databases from inception to 30 June 2025. English-language RCTs comparing surgical interventions for apical POP, alone or with other compartment repairs, were included if they reported anatomical recurrence after\u2009\u2265\u20091-year follow-up. Studies on non-surgical interventions were excluded. The primary outcome was anatomical recurrence; secondary outcomes included subjective recurrence, reoperation rates and mesh complications. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and study integrity was evaluated with the Trustworthiness in Randomised Controlled Trials checklist. A random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA; NMAstudio 2.0) was performed, grouping interventions by clinical similarity. Native tissue repair (NTR) served as the reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-eight RCTs (6,846 participants) were included. Vaginal, abdominal and laparoscopic mesh repairs significantly reduced anatomical recurrence versus NTR (relative risk 0.59\u20130.66). Vaginal mesh and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with posterior plication lowered subjective recurrence (relative risk 0.22\u20130.51). Abdominal sacrocolpopexy was associated with fewer recurrence-related reoperations (relative risk 0.40), whereas vaginal mesh had higher mesh-related reoperations (relative risk 5.19).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mesh-augmented vaginal, laparoscopic and abdominal repairs reduce prolapse recurrence compared with NTR but carry increased mesh-related risks. Sacrocolpopexy was associated with favourable anatomical durability for apical POP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-026-06857-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:25:54Z","timestamp":1790169954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgical Strategies for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Systematic Review and Network\u00a0Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Tran T. T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pouria","family":"Aryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben Willem","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Fidela R.","family":"Paraiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Phung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Willison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Behnia-Willison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR1","volume":"30","author":"C Maher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maher C, Feiner B, Bae\u00dfler K, Schmid C. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;30(4):CD004014.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"6857_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24752","volume":"40","author":"C McFerrin","year":"2021","unstructured":"McFerrin C, Pilkington JE, Pilet H, Frilot C, Gomelsky A. Abdominal versus robotic sacral colpopexy: a detailed analysis of outcomes. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021;40(7):1811\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"19","key":"6857_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4919","volume":"309","author":"I Nygaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nygaard I, Brubaker L, Zyczynski HM, Cundiff G, Richter H, Gantz M, et al. Long-term outcomes following abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse. JAMA. 2013;309(19):2016\u201324.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-022-05350-y","volume":"34","author":"AMJ Van Oudheusden","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Oudheusden AMJ, Eissing J, Terink IM, Vink MDH, van Kuijk SMJ, Bongers MY, et al. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy versus abdominal sacrocolpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2023;34(1):93\u2013104.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"6857_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1269214","volume":"10","author":"R Ciortea","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ciortea R, Roman M-P, M\u0103lu\u021ban AM, Bucuri CE, Ormindean CM, Nati ID, et al. Comparison of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with vaginal reconstructive procedures and abdominal sacrocolpopexy for the surgical management of vaginal vault prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med. 2023;10:1269214.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"6857_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3296-5","volume":"28","author":"ALWM Coolen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coolen ALWM, van Oudheusden AMJ, Mol BWJ, van Eijndhoven HWF, Roovers JPWR, Bongers MY. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy compared with open abdominal sacrocolpopexy for vault prolapse repair: a randomised controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2017;28(10):1469\u201379.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"6857_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2088-9","volume":"24","author":"A Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan A, Alperin M, Wu N, Clemens JQ, Dubina ED, Pashos CL, et al. Comparative outcomes of open versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy among Medicare beneficiaries. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(11):1883\u201391.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10397-013-0786-4","volume":"10","author":"MIJ Withagen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Withagen MIJ, Vierhout ME, Milani AL, Mannaerts GHH, Kluivers KB, van der Weiden RMF. Laparoscopic sacral colpopexy versus total vaginal mesh for vault prolapse; comparison of cohorts. Gynecol Surg. 2013;10(2):143\u201350.","journal-title":"Gynecol Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"6857_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2733-6","volume":"26","author":"MD Moen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moen MD, Gebhart JB, Tamussino K. Systematic reviews of apical prolapse surgery: are we being misled down a dangerous path? Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26(7):937\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"6857_CR10","volume":"7","author":"C Maher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maher C, Yeung E, Haya N, Christmann-Schmid C, Mowat A, Chen Z, et al. Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;7(7):CD012376.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2211-y","volume":"25","author":"J Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo J, Betschart C, Chen L, Ashton-Miller JA, DeLancey JO. Using stress MRI to analyze the 3D changes in apical ligament geometry from rest to maximal Valsalva: a pilot study. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;25(2):197\u2013203.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000091","volume":"20","author":"CA Unger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Unger CA, Walters MD. Gluteal and posterior thigh pain in the postoperative period and the need for intervention after sacrospinous ligament colpopexy. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2014;20(4):208\u201311.","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EBX.0000415773.10023.64","volume":"2","author":"T Maarouf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maarouf T. Sacrohysteropexy without mesh for apical prolapse versus a vaginal approach. Evid Based Womens Health J. 2012;2(3):80\u20133.","journal-title":"Evid Based Womens Health J"},{"issue":"8","key":"6857_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082926","volume":"12","author":"E Russo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russo E, Guevara MMM, Sa\u00e7\u0131nt\u0131 KG, Misasi G, Falcone M, Morganti R, et al. Minimal invasive abdominal sacral colpopexy and abdominal lateral suspension: a prospective, open-label, multicenter, non-inferiority trial. J Clin Med. 2023;12(8):2926.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR15","volume":"3","author":"E Yeung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeung E, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Chen Z, Wallace SA, et al. Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;3(3):CD012079.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"6857_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004393","volume":"137","author":"M Larouche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larouche M, Belzile E, Geoffrion R. Surgical management of symptomatic apical pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137(6):1061\u201373.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6857_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch11","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"A Chaimani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaimani A, Caldwell DM, Li T, Higgins JP, Salanti G. Undertaking network meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. New York: Wiley; 2019. p. 285\u2013320."},{"issue":"6","key":"6857_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70084-4","volume":"175","author":"JT Benson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benson JT, Lucente V, McClellan E. Vaginal versus abdominal reconstructive surgery for the treatment of pelvic support defects: a prospective randomized study with long-term outcome evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(6):1418\u201321; discussion 1421\u20132.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1089\/gyn.1998.14.59","volume":"14","author":"T-S Lo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lo T-S, Wang AC. Abdominal colposacropexy and sacrospinous ligament suspension for severe uterovaginal prolapse: a comparison. J Gynecol Surg. 1998;14(2):59\u201364.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.08.031","volume":"190","author":"CF Maher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maher CF, Qatawneh AM, Dwyer PL, Carey MP, Cornish A, Schluter PJ. Abdominal sacral colpopexy or vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(1):20\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00001.x","volume":"111","author":"JPWR Roovers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roovers JPWR, Van Der Vaart CH, Van Der Bom JG, Schagen Van Leeuwen JH, Scholten PC, Heintz APM. A randomised controlled trial comparing abdominal and vaginal prolapse surgery: effects on urogenital function. BJOG. 2004;111(1):50\u20136.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000165824.62167.c1","volume":"106","author":"PJ Culligan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Culligan PJ, Blackwell L, Goldsmith LJ, Graham CA, Rogers A, Heit MH. A randomized controlled trial comparing fascia lata and synthetic mesh for sacral colpopexy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(1):29\u201337.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1014-7","volume":"21","author":"V Dietz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dietz V, Van Der Vaart CH, Van Der Graaf Y, Heintz P, Schraffordt Koops SE. One-year follow-up after sacrospinous hysteropexy and vaginal hysterectomy for uterine descent: a randomized study. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(2):209\u201316.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1052-1","volume":"21","author":"ED Lopes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lopes ED, De Barros Moreira Lemos NL, Da Silva Carram\u00e3o S, Lunardelli JL, Ruano JMC, Aoki T, et al. Transvaginal polypropylene mesh versus sacrospinous ligament fixation for the treatment of uterine prolapse: 1-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(4):389\u201394.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"6857_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1064-x","volume":"21","author":"F Natale","year":"2010","unstructured":"Natale F, La Penna C, Padoa A, Agostini M, Panei M, Cervigni M. High levator myorrhaphy versus uterosacral ligament suspension for vaginal vault fixation: a prospective, randomized study. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(5):515\u201322.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.11.016","volume":"204","author":"CF Maher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maher CF, Feiner B, Decuyper EM, Nichlos CJ, Hickey KV, O\u2019Rourke P. Laparoscopic sacral colpopexy versus total vaginal mesh for vaginal vault prolapse: a randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(4):360.e1-7.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6857_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318231537c","volume":"118","author":"MFR Paraiso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paraiso MFR, Jelovsek JE, Frick A, Chen CCG, Barber MD. Laparoscopic compared with robotic sacrocolpopexy for vaginal prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118(5):1005\u201313.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6857_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-11-4","volume":"11","author":"RJ Detollenaere","year":"2011","unstructured":"Detollenaere RJ, den Boon J, Stekelenburg J, Alhafidh AHH, Hakvoort RA, Vierhout ME, et al. Treatment of uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher: a randomized multicenter trial comparing sacrospinous fixation with vaginal hysterectomy (SAVE U trial). BMC Womens Health. 2011;11:4.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.08.016","volume":"207","author":"M Halaska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Halaska M, Maxova K, Sottner O, Svabik K, Mlcoch M, Kolarik D, et al. A multicenter, randomized, prospective, controlled study comparing sacrospinous fixation and transvaginal mesh in the treatment of posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(4):301.e1-7.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.08.003","volume":"206","author":"AI Sokol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sokol AI, Iglesia CB, Kudish BI, Gutman RE, Shveiky D, Bercik R, et al. One-year objective and functional outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of vaginal mesh for prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(1):86.e1-9.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6857_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/gyn.2012.0150","volume":"29","author":"S Ray","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ray S, Halder A, Gangopadhyay M, Halder S, Pal PP. Comparison of two different suture materials for transvaginal sacrospinous fixation of the vault: a prospective randomized trial. J Gynecol Surg. 2013;29(6):281\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000429296.47587.1c","volume":"68","author":"PJ Culligan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Culligan PJ, Salamon C, Priestley JL, Shariati A. Porcine dermis compared with polypropylene mesh for laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2013;68(4):282\u20134.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"10","key":"6857_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.1719","volume":"311","author":"MD Barber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barber MD, Brubaker L, Burgio KL, Richter HE, Nygaard I, Weidner AC, et al. Comparison of 2 transvaginal surgical approaches and perioperative behavioral therapy for apical vaginal prolapse: the OPTIMAL randomized trial. JAMA. 2014;311(10):1023\u201334.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2014.0413","volume":"29","author":"KG No\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"No\u00e9 KG, Schiermeier S, Alkatout I, Anapolski M. Laparoscopic pectopexy: a prospective, randomized, comparative clinical trial of standard laparoscopic sacral colpocervicopexy with the new laparoscopic pectopexy\u2014postoperative results and intermediate-term follow-up in a pilot study. J Endourol. 2015;29(2):210\u20135.","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24323","volume":"39","author":"SDRB da Silveira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Da Silveira SDRB, Auge APF, Jarmy-Dibella ZIK, Margarido PFR, Carramao S, Alves Rodrigues C, et al. A multicenter, randomized trial comparing pelvic organ prolapse surgical treatment with native tissue and synthetic mesh: a 5-year follow-up study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020;39(3):1002\u201311.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13305","volume":"43","author":"K \u0160vab\u00edk","year":"2014","unstructured":"\u0160vab\u00edk K, Martan A, Ma\u0161ata J, El-Haddad R, Hubka P. Comparison of vaginal mesh repair with sacrospinous vaginal colpopexy in the management of vaginal vault prolapse after hysterectomy in patients with levator ani avulsion: a randomized controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;43(4):365\u201371.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6857_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2566-8","volume":"26","author":"J Tan-Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan-Kim J, Nager CW, Grimes CL, Luber KM, Lukacz ES, Brown HW, et al. A randomized trial of vaginal mesh attachment techniques for minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2015;26(5):649\u201356.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"S1","key":"6857_CR38","first-page":"S55","volume":"32","author":"E Costantini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Costantini E, Pietropaolo A, Nunzi E, Bini V, Salvini E, Bruno R, et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing abdominal vs laparoscopic sacropexy for the treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse (Abstract number 61). Neurourol Urodyn. 2013;32(S1):S55\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn."},{"issue":"8","key":"6857_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pog.2015.04.006","volume":"58","author":"AS El-agwany","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-agwany AS, Salem HA, Nagaty AM, Hanafy TM. Comparative study between abdominal versus laparoscopic sacral colpopexy. Prog Obstet Ginecol. 2015;58(8):341\u20139.","journal-title":"Prog Obstet Ginecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2015.1086990","volume":"36","author":"GR Damiani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damiani GR, Riva D, Pellegrino A, Gaetani M, Tafuri S, Turoli D, et al. Conventional fascial technique versus mesh repair for advanced pelvic organ prolapse: analysis of recurrences in treated and untreated compartments. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;36(3):410\u20135.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6857_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2666-0","volume":"26","author":"C Rondini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rondini C, Braun H, Alvarez J, Urz\u00faa MJ, Villegas R, Wenzel C, et al. High uterosacral vault suspension vs sacrocolpopexy for treating apical defects: a randomized controlled trial with twelve months follow-up. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26(8):1131\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"6857_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000300","volume":"22","author":"K Kenton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kenton K, Mueller ER, Tarney C, Bresee C, Anger JT. One-year outcomes after minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2016;22(5):382\u20134.","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"6857_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3687-2","volume":"29","author":"LL Ow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ow LL, Lim YN, Lee J, Murray C, Thomas E, Leitch A, et al. RCT of vaginal extraperitoneal uterosacral ligament suspension (VEULS) with anterior mesh versus sacrocolpopexy: 4-year outcome. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(11):1607\u201314.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"6857_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.12812","volume":"322","author":"CW Nager","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nager CW, Visco AG, Richter HE, Rardin CR, Rogers RG, Harvie HS, et al. Effect of vaginal mesh hysteropexy vs vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension on treatment failure in women with uterovaginal prolapse: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;322(11):1054\u201365.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3757-5","volume":"30","author":"P Steures","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steures P, Milani AL, van Rumpt-van de Geest DA, Kluivers KB, Withagen MIJ. Partially absorbable mesh or native tissue repair for pelvic organ prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(4):565\u201373.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"6857_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.07.043","volume":"134","author":"E Illiano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Illiano E, Ditonno P, Giannitsas K, De Rienzo G, Bini V, Costantini E. Robot-assisted vs laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for high-stage pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective, randomized, single-center study. Urology. 2019;134:116\u201323.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03948-3","volume":"31","author":"EB De Castro","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Castro EB, Brito LGO, Juliato CRT. Vaginal hysterectomy with bilateral sacrospinous fixation plus an anterior mesh versus abdominal sacrocervicopexy for the treatment of primary apical prolapse in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31(2):365\u201372.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"6857_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13140","volume":"330","author":"RA Enklaar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Enklaar RA, Schulten SF, van Eijndhoven HW, Weemhoff M, van Leijsen SA, van der Weide MC, et al. Manchester procedure vs sacrospinous hysteropexy for treatment of uterine descent: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;330(7):626\u201335.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"6857_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4149\/BLL_2020_104","volume":"121","author":"J Galad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galad J, Papcun P, Dudic R, Urdzik P. Single-incision mesh vs sacrospinous ligament fixation in posthysterectomy women at a three-year follow-up: a randomized trial. Bratislava Med J. 2020;121(9):640\u20137.","journal-title":"Bratislava Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04244-1","volume":"32","author":"JT Kowalski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kowalski JT, Genadry R, Ten Eyck P, Bradley CS. A randomized controlled trial of permanent vs absorbable suture for uterosacral ligament suspension. Int Urogynecol J. 2021;32(4):785\u201390.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003884","volume":"136","author":"CA Matthews","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matthews CA, Geller EJ, Henley BR, Kenton K, Myers EM, Dieter AA, et al. Permanent compared with absorbable suture for vaginal mesh fixation during total hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136(2):355\u201364.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"13","key":"6857_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta24130","volume":"24","author":"C Hemming","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hemming C, Constable L, Goulao B, Kilonzo M, Boyers D, Elders A, et al. Surgical interventions for uterine prolapse and for vault prolapse: the two VUE RCTs. Health Technol Assess. 2020;24(13):1\u2013219.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"10","key":"6857_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16242","volume":"127","author":"MN Van IJsselmuiden","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van IJsselmuiden MN, van Oudheusden AMJ, Veen J, van de Pol G, Vollebregt A, Radder CM, et al. Hysteropexy in the treatment of uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher: laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy versus sacrospinous hysteropexy\u2014a multicentre randomised controlled trial (LAVA trial). BJOG. 2020;127(10):1284\u201393.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"6857_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2005-117","volume":"50","author":"E Ba\u015fer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ba\u015fer E, Se\u00e7kin KD, Kadiro\u011fullari P, Kiyak H. The effect of sacrospinous ligament fixation during vaginal hysterectomy on postoperative de novo stress incontinence occurrence: a prospective study with 2-year follow-up. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(4):978\u201384.","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.018","volume":"223","author":"AA Berger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berger AA, Tan-Kim J, Menefee SA. Anchor vs suture for the attachment of vaginal mesh in a robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223(2):258.e1-8.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/GMIT.GMIT_67_20","volume":"10","author":"M Obut","year":"2021","unstructured":"Obut M, O\u011flak SC, Akg\u00f6l S. Comparison of the quality of life and female sexual function following laparoscopic pectopexy and laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy in apical prolapse patients. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther. 2021;10(2):96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"6857_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04657-y","volume":"32","author":"CA Ferrando","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrando CA, Paraiso MFR. A prospective randomized trial comparing Restorelle\u00ae Y mesh and flat mesh for laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: 24-month outcomes. Int Urogynecol J. 2021;32(6):1565\u201370.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/GMIT.GMIT_126_19","volume":"10","author":"H Cengiz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cengiz H, Yildiz S, Alay I, Kaya C, Eren E, Iliman D. Vaginal-assisted laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy and vaginal hysterectomy with vaginal vault suspension for advanced uterine prolapse: 12-month preliminary results of a randomized controlled study. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther. 2021;10(1):30\u20136.","journal-title":"Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000897","volume":"27","author":"RA Castro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castro RA, Bortolini MAT, Pascom ALG, Ledesma M, Sardi JJL, Monteiro MVC, et al. Vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation using tissue anchoring system versus a traditional technique for women with apical vaginal prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2021;27(1):e215-22.","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13997","volume":"100","author":"V Tagliaferri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tagliaferri V, Ruggieri S, Taccaliti C, Gentile C, Didonna T, D\u2019asta M, et al. Comparison of absorbable and permanent sutures for laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100(2):347\u201352.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.20953\/1726-1678-2022-3-36-44","volume":"21","author":"AA Gamal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gamal AA, Nasraddeen MAM, Naguieb AH, Elsayed MA, Elmaraghy AM. Modified Purandare\u2019s cervicopexy versus abdominal sacral hysteropexy as conservative surgeries for genital prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. Vopr Ginekol Akusherstva Perinatol. 2022;21(3):36\u201344.","journal-title":"Vopr Ginekol Akusherstva Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-022-05267-6","volume":"34","author":"BS Isenlik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isenlik BS, Aksoy O, Erol O, Mulayim B. Comparison of laparoscopic lateral suspension and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with concurrent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2023;34(1):231\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2022.11.013","volume":"62","author":"B Karadag","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karadag B, Mulayim B, Karadag C, Akda\u015f BA, Karata\u015f S, Y\u00fcksel BA, et al. McCall culdoplasty vs. vaginally assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in the treatment of advanced uterine prolapse: a randomized controlled study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;62(2):325\u20139.","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6857_CR64","first-page":"131","volume":"19","author":"A Daneshpajooh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daneshpajooh A, Pakmanesh H, Sohbati S, Mirzaei M, Yar EZ, Dehesh T. Comparing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with vaginal sacrospinous ligament fixation in the treatment of vaginal apical prolapse; the first randomized clinical trial: a pilot study. Urol J. 2022;19(2):131\u20137.","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"6857_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-05071-8","volume":"33","author":"R De Tayrac","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Tayrac R, Cosson M, Panel L, Compan C, Zemmache MZ, Bouvet S, et al. Urinary and sexual impact of pelvic reconstructive surgery for genital prolapse by surgical route. A randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2022;33(7):2021\u201330.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"6857_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06682-2","volume":"306","author":"A Morciano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morciano A, Caliandro D, Campagna G, Panico G, Giaquinto A, Fachechi G, et al. Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy plus sacral colpopexy: continuous locked suture for mesh fixation. A randomized clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022;306(5):1573\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"9","key":"6857_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.31869","volume":"5","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Yu J, Morse A, Tao G, Gong J, Wang B, et al. Effectiveness of self-cut vs mesh-kit titanium-coated polypropylene mesh for transvaginal treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapse: a multicenter randomized noninferiority clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(9):E2231869.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25052","volume":"42","author":"A Morciano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morciano A, Ercoli A, Caliandro D, Campagna G, Panico G, Giaquinto A, et al. Laparoscopic posterior vaginal plication plus sacral colpopexy for severe posterior vaginal prolapse: a randomized clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2023;42(1):98\u2013105.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"5","key":"6857_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2024.01.018","volume":"31","author":"WY Hwang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hwang WY, Jeon MJ, Suh DH. Minimally invasive sacrohysteropexy versus vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension for pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective randomized non-inferiority trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2024;31(5):406\u201313.","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6857_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2024.1206","volume":"159","author":"SA Menefee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Menefee SA, Richter HE, Myers D, Moalli P, Weidner AC, Harvie HS, et al. Apical suspension repair for vaginal vault prolapse: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2024;159(8):845\u201355.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"6857_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2025.03.025","volume":"309","author":"J Di Biasi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Di Biasi J, Ruggieri S, Taccaliti C, Ciocca M, Di Florio C, Stabile G, et al. Posterior mesh fixation versus non-fixation in sacrocolpopexy: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2025;309:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1885-x","volume":"24","author":"RM Freeman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freeman RM, Pantazis K, Thomson A, Frappell J, Bombieri L, Moran P, et al. A randomised controlled trial of abdominal versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse: LAS study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2013;24(3):377\u201384.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"6857_CR73","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"J Chandler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch V. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, vol. vol. 4. New York: Wiley; 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-023-00130-8","volume":"8","author":"BW Mol","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mol BW, Lai S, Rahim A, Bordewijk EM, Wang R, van Eekelen R, et al. Checklist to assess Trustworthiness in RAndomised Controlled Trials (TRACT checklist): concept proposal and pilot. Res Integ Peer Rev. 2023;8(1):6.","journal-title":"Res Integ Peer Rev"},{"key":"6857_CR75","unstructured":"Metelli S, Yu T, Chaimani A, editors. NMAstudio: a fully interactive web-application for producing and visualising network meta-analyses. Cochrane Colloquium; 2023. https:\/\/abstracts.cochrane.org\/2023-london\/nmastudio-fully-interactive-web-application-producing-and-visualizing-network-meta"},{"key":"6857_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101531","volume":"26","author":"N Jaiswal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaiswal N, Field R. Network meta-analysis: the way forward for evidence-based decisions. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2024;26:101531.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181b2b1ae","volume":"114","author":"MD Barber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barber MD, Brubaker L, Nygaard I, Wheeler TL, Schaffer J, Chen Z, et al. Defining success after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(3):600\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6857_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.70068","volume":"44","author":"LM Spineli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Spineli LM, Papadimitropoulou K, Kalyvas C. Exploring the transitivity assumption in network meta-analysis: a novel approach and its implications. Stat Med. 2025;44(7):e70068.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6857_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004901","volume":"140","author":"J Nassif","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nassif J, Yadav GS, Orejuela FJ, Turrentine MA. Rate of mesh erosion after sacrocolpopexy with concurrent supracervical compared with total hysterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;140(3):412\u201320.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6857_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001451","volume":"128","author":"MO Schimpf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schimpf MO, Abed H, Sanses T, White AB, Lowenstein L, Ward RM, et al. Graft and mesh use in transvaginal prolapse repair: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(1):81\u201391.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6857_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.07.503","volume":"205","author":"E Costantini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Costantini E, Brubaker L, Cervigni M, Matthews CA, O\u2019Reilly BA, Rizk D, et al. Sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: evidence-based review and recommendations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;205:60\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06857-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06857-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06857-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:08:27Z","timestamp":1790176107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06857-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["6857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06857-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This review synthesised data from previously published RCTs.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}