{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:10:18Z","timestamp":1792782618372,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"ABEL Technologies"},{"name":"The Research Council of Norway","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00epmv149","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Norwegian School Of Sport Sciences - The Library","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045016w83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Urogynecol J"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-026-06862-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:38:10Z","timestamp":1789990690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Varying In-Person Coaching: Effects on Weight and Urinary Incontinence in Women with Obesity in a 20-Week Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Lene Annette Hagen","family":"Haakstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"B\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Magne","family":"Kalhovde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elene Mauseth","family":"Tangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hege","family":"Clemm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2253-1921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Gjestvang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14440\/bladder.2023.873","volume":"10","author":"T Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li T, Li Y, Wu S. Global status quo and trends of research on urinary incontinence: a bibliometric and visualized study. Bladder (San Franc). 2023;10:e21200014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14440\/bladder.2023.873.","journal-title":"Bladder (San Franc)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6862_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16848","volume":"129","author":"SK Doumouchtsis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doumouchtsis SK, Loganathan J, Pergialiotis V. The role of obesity on urinary incontinence and anal incontinence in women: a review. BJOG. 2022;129(1):162\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.16848.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"3","key":"6862_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ITC17","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202002040","volume":"172","author":"CP Vaughan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaughan CP, Markland AD. Urinary incontinence in women. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(3):ITC17\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/AITC202002040.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6862_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01971-9","volume":"29","author":"S Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao S, Hu X, Tang Y, Wu K, Yang W, Li X. Weight-adjusted-waist index is positively associated with urinary incontinence: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001\u20132018. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29(1):368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01971-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6862_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18703-7","volume":"24","author":"WKC Leung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leung WKC, Cheung J, Wong VCC, Tse KKL, Lee RWY, Lam SC, et al. Patterns of sedentary behavior among older women with urinary incontinence and urinary symptoms: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18703-7.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"6862_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05371-x","volume":"301","author":"A Fjerbaek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fjerbaek A, Sondergaard L, Andreasen J, Glavind K. Treatment of urinary incontinence in overweight women by a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;301(2):525\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-019-05371-x.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"6862_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.067","volume":"214","author":"IE Nygaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nygaard IE, Shaw JM. Physical activity and the pelvic floor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(2):164\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.067.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6862_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185","volume":"7","author":"A Jayedi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jayedi A, Soltani S, Emadi A, Zargar MS, Najafi A. Aerobic exercise and weight loss in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2452185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"6862_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1183765","volume":"14","author":"M Khalafi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalafi M, Habibi Maleki A, Sakhaei MH, Rosenkranz SK, Pourvaghar MJ, Ehsanifar M, et al. The effects of exercise training on body composition in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1183765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1183765.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6862_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Churilla JR, Johnson TM, Richardson MR, Williams BD, Rariden BS, Boltz AJ. Mode of physical activity participation by body mass index: 2015 Behavioural risk factor surveillance system. Res Sports Med. 2018;26(2):147\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15438627.2018.1431531.","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2018.1431531"},{"issue":"1","key":"6862_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02481-y","volume":"30","author":"J Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang J, Du Y, Guo J. U\u2011shaped association between relative fat mass (RFM) and stress urinary incontinence: a cross\u2011sectional study. Eur J Med Res. 2025;30(1):256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-02481-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6862_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005654.pub4","volume":"4","author":"C Dumoulin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dumoulin C, Cacciari LP, Hay-Smith EJC. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;4(10):CD005654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005654.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6862_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3123-4","volume":"28","author":"K Bo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bo K, Frawley HC, Haylen BT, Abramov Y, Almeida FG, Berghmans B, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 2017;28(2):191\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-016-3123-4.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6862_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13261","volume":"22","author":"EV Carraca","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carraca EV, Encantado J, Battista F, Beaulieu K, Blundell JE, Busetto L, et al. Effect of exercise training on psychological outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2021;22(Suppl 4):e13261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13261","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"6862_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103425","volume":"14","author":"WS da Rocha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Da Rocha WS, Reis-Silva A, Coelho-Oliveira AC, Moura-Fernandes MC, da Silva Alves Cunha R, Alhammad A, et al. Impact of different types of physical exercises for the management of older women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Med. 2025;14(10):3425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14103425.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6862_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hodge JM, Shah R, McCullough ML, Gapstur SM, Patel AV. Validation of self-reported height and weight in a large, nationwide cohort of U.S. adults. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0231229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231229.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231229"},{"issue":"4","key":"6862_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20041","volume":"23","author":"K Avery","year":"2004","unstructured":"Avery K, Donovan J, Peters TJ, Shaw C, Gotoh M, Abrams P. ICIQ: a brief and robust measure for evaluating the symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(4):322\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.20041.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"12","key":"6862_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009508.pub2","volume":"12","author":"EJC Hay-Smith","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hay-Smith EJC, Starzec-Proserpio M, Moller B, Aldabe D, Cacciari L, Pitangui ACR, et al. Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;12(12):CD009508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009508.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"6862_CR19","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Body mass index (BMI) 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/topic-details\/GHO\/body-mass-index. Accessed 9 January 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"6862_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01664-7","volume":"49","author":"D Dhar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhar D, Packer J, Michalopoulou S, Cruz J, Stansfield C, Viner RM, et al. Assessing the evidence for health benefits of low-level weight loss: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2025;49(2):254\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-024-01664-7.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6862_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015","volume":"67","author":"J McCambridge","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCambridge J, Witton J, Elbourne DR. Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67(3):267\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6862_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4981","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19094981","volume":"19","author":"R Pojednic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pojednic R, D\u2019Arpino E, Halliday I, Bantham A. The benefits of physical activity for people with obesity, independent of weight loss: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):4981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19094981.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6862_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.638928","volume":"12","author":"C Gjestvang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gjestvang C, Abrahamsen F, Stensrud T, Haakstad LAH. What makes individuals stick to their exercise regime? A one-year follow-up study among novice exercisers in a fitness club setting. Front Psychol. 2021;12:638928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.638928.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"6862_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1220551","volume":"14","author":"X Shang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shang X, Fu Y, Jin X, Wang C, Wang P, Guo P, et al. Association of overweight, obesity and risk of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women: a meta epidemiology study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1220551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1220551.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"6862_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03928-z","volume":"56","author":"D Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun D, He H, Luo B, Xie B. The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and stress urinary incontinence in female adults: a population-based study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56(6):1851\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-023-03928-z.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"20","key":"6862_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19897","volume":"330","author":"A Elmaleh-Sachs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elmaleh-Sachs A, Schwartz JL, Bramante CT, Nicklas JM, Gudzune KA, Jay M. Obesity management in adults: a review. JAMA. 2023;330(20):2000\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.19897.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"6862_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.05.031","volume":"184","author":"RR Wing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wing RR, West DS, Grady D, Creasman JM, Richter HE, Myers D, et al. Effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women: results at 12 and 18 months. J Urol. 2010;184(3):1005\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2010.05.031.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6862_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092789","volume":"15","author":"Z Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian Z, Wang X, Fu L, Du Z, Lin T, Chen W, et al. The effect of home-based behavioural weight loss combined with pelvic floor muscle training in women seeking weight loss combined with stress urinary incontinence: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2025;15(3):e092789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092789.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"6862_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806375","volume":"360","author":"LL Subak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Subak LL, Wing R, West DS, Franklin F, Vittinghoff E, Creasman JM, et al. Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(5):481\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0806375.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6862_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9030265","volume":"9","author":"S Roberts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roberts S, Howard Z, Weir KA, Nucifora J, Baker N, Smith L, et al. Patient perceptions of a group-based lifestyle intervention for overweight women with urinary incontinence: a qualitative descriptive study. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(3):265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9030265.","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"6862_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818761971","volume":"46","author":"M Maukonen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maukonen M, Mannisto S, Tolonen H. A comparison of measured versus self-reported anthropometrics for assessing obesity in adults: a literature review. Scand J Public Health. 2018;46(5):565\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494818761971.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"6862_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224358","volume":"16","author":"E Garcia-Sanchez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garcia-Sanchez E, Avila-Gandia V, Lopez-Roman J, Martinez-Rodriguez A, Rubio-Arias JA. What pelvic floor muscle training load is optimal in minimizing urine loss in women with stress urinary incontinence? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22):4358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16224358.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["International Urogynecology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06862-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06862-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06862-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:38:13Z","timestamp":1789990693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06862-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["6862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-026-06862-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-3462","1433-3023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-3462","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used Microsoft Copilot to assist with language editing and formulation of the manuscript text. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article. The scientific work, including study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, and conclusions, is entirely the authors\u2019 own.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI declaration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethical Review Board at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. The Ethical Review Board assesses the ethical aspects of research involving human participants for projects not covered by the Norwegian Health Research Act.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Institutional Review Board Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"J.M.K. holds shares in ABEL Technologies and is employed in a part-time position by the company, which funded this study and provided the app used in the intervention. However, the company had no role in the data analysis, data interpretation, or manuscript preparation. C.G. has previously worked part-time as a personal trainer and group exercise instructor in the fitness industry. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}