{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T13:42:05Z","timestamp":1787233325896,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,16]],"date-time":"2004-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1754-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]],"date-time":"2004-10-15T06:13:41Z","timestamp":1097820821000},"page":"791-798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Cortical and trabecular bone mineral density in transsexuals after long-term cross-sex hormonal treatment: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Adrian G.","family":"Ruetsche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Kneubuehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin H.","family":"Birkhaeuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Lippuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1754_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000184765","volume":"45","author":"Holmes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Holmes SJ, Shalet SM (1996) Role of growth hormone and sex steroids in achieving and maintaining normal bone mass. Horm Res 45:86\u201393","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"1754_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01674805","volume":"1","author":"Delmas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Delmas PD (1997) Hormone replacement therapy in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 7 Suppl 1:S3\u20137","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int 7 Suppl"},{"key":"1754_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000191331","volume":"5","author":"Saggese","year":"1997","unstructured":"Saggese G, Bertelloni S, Baroncelli GI (1997) Sex steroids and the acquisition of bone mass. Horm Res 48 Suppl 5:65\u201371","journal-title":"Horm Res 48 Suppl"},{"key":"1754_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(1997) Consensus development statement on osteoporosis: who are candidates for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 7:1\u20136","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623453"},{"key":"1754_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.5.763","volume":"13","author":"Riggs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd (1998) A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Miner Res 13:763\u2013773","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1754_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04292.x","volume":"37","author":"Gibaldi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gibaldi M (1997) Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: does the future belong to hormone replacement therapy? J Clin Pharmacol 37:1087\u20131099","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1754_CR7","first-page":"262","volume":"39","author":"Rozenberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rozenberg S, Vandromme J, Kroll M, Pastijn A, Degueldre M (1994) Osteoporosis prevention with sex hormone replacement therapy. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 39:262\u2013271","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud"},{"key":"1754_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(93)90069-P","volume":"28","author":"Swerdloff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Swerdloff RS, Wang C (1993) Androgens and aging in men. Exp Gerontol 28:435\u2013446","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1754_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.8.3.257","volume":"8","author":"Winters","year":"1999","unstructured":"Winters SJ (1999) Current status of testosterone replacement therapy in men. Arch Fam Med 8:257\u2013263","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"key":"1754_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1016263","volume":"16","author":"Hansen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hansen KA, Tho SP (1998) Androgens and bone health. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 16:129\u2013134","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Endocrinol"},{"key":"1754_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(96)01073-0","volume":"26","author":"Goh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goh HH, Ratnam SS (1997) Effects of hormone deficiency, androgen therapy and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density in female transsexuals. Maturitas 26:45\u201352","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1754_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040503","volume":"4","author":"Lips","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lips P, Asscheman H, Uitewaal P, Netelenbos JC, Gooren L (1989) The effect of cross-gender hormonal treatment on bone metabolism in male-to-female transsexuals. J Bone Miner Res 4:657\u2013662","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1754_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111121","volume":"11","author":"Lips","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lips P, van Kesteren PJ, Asscheman H, Gooren LJ (1996) The effect of androgen treatment on bone metabolism in female-to-male transsexuals. J Bone Miner Res 11:1769\u20131773","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1754_CR14","first-page":"2227","volume":"81","author":"van","year":"1996","unstructured":"van Kesteren P, Lips P, Deville W, Popp-Snijders C, Asscheman H, Megens J, Gooren L (1996) The effect of one-year cross-sex hormonal treatment on bone metabolism and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in transsexuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:2227\u20132232","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1754_CR15","first-page":"347","volume":"Endocrinol","author":"van","year":"1998","unstructured":"van Kesteren P, Lips P, Gooren LJ, Asscheman H, Megens J (1998) Long-term follow-up of bone mineral density and bone metabolism in transsexuals treated with cross-sex hormones. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 48:347\u2013354","journal-title":"Clin"},{"key":"1754_CR16","first-page":"337","volume":"Endocrinol","author":"van","year":"1997","unstructured":"van Kesteren PJ, Asscheman H, Megens JA, Gooren LJ (1997) Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross-sex hormones. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 47:337\u2013342","journal-title":"Clin"},{"key":"1754_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208909023872","volume":"20","author":"Colvard","year":"1989","unstructured":"Colvard D, Spelsberg T, Eriksen E, Keeting P, Riggs BL (1989) Evidence of steroid receptors in human osteoblast-like cells. Connect Tissue Res 20:33\u201340","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"1754_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0003","volume":"25","author":"Vanderschueren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vanderschueren D, Vandenput L, Boonen S, Lindberg MK, Bouillon R, Ohlsson C (2004) Androgens and bone. Endocr Rev 25:389\u2013425","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1754_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1750683","volume":"175","author":"Wiren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wiren KM, Chapman Evans A, Zhang XW (2002) Osteoblast differentiation influences androgen and estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta expression. J Endocrinol 175:683\u2013694","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1754_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018704630036","volume":"27","author":"Schlatterer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schlatterer K, Yassouridis A, von Werder K, Poland D, Kemper J, Stalla GK (1998) A follow-up study for estimating the effectiveness of a cross-gender hormone substitution therapy on transsexual patients. Arch Sex Behav 27:475\u2013492","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"1754_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650091203","volume":"9","author":"Casez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Casez JP, Troendle A, Lippuner K, Jaeger P (1994) Bone mineral density at distal tibia using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal women and in patients with vertebral osteoporosis or primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 9:1851\u20131857","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1754_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.8.1531","volume":"18","author":"Duncan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duncan EL, Cardon LR, Sinsheimer JS, Wass JA, Brown MA (2003) Site and gender specificity of inheritance of bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res 18:1531\u20131538","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1754_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80381-6","volume":"123","author":"Rubin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rubin K, Schirduan V, Gendreau P, Sarfarazi M, Mendola R, Dalsky G (1993) Predictors of axial and peripheral bone mineral density in healthy children and adolescents, with special attention to the role of puberty. J Pediatr 123:863\u2013870","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1754_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623429","volume":"1","author":"Bonjour","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bonjour JP, Theintz G, Law F, Slosman D, Rizzoli R (1994) Peak bone mass. Osteoporos Int 4 Suppl 1:7\u201313","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int 4 Suppl"},{"key":"1754_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01673400","volume":"1","author":"Martin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Martin B (1993) Aging and strength of bone as a structural material. Calcif Tissue Int 53 Suppl 1:S34\u201339; discussion S39\u201340","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int 53 Suppl"},{"key":"1754_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08706-8","volume":"359","author":"Seeman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seeman E (2002) Pathogenesis of bone fragility in women and men. Lancet 359:1841\u20131850","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1754_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(02)00078-6","volume":"32","author":"Seeman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seeman E (2003) The structural and biomechanical basis of the gain and loss of bone strength in women and men. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 32:25\u201338","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"1754_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140106","volume":"14","author":"van","year":"1996","unstructured":"van der Meulen MC, Ashford MW Jr, Kiratli BJ, Bachrach LK, Carter DR (1996) Determinants of femoral geometry and structure during adolescent growth. J Orthop Res 14:22\u201329","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"1754_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060613","volume":"6","author":"Ruff","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ruff CB, Hayes WC (1988) Sex differences in age-related remodeling of the femur and tibia. J Orthop Res 6:886\u2013896","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"1754_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117995","volume":"95","author":"Bellido","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bellido T, Jilka RL, Boyce BF, Girasole G, Broxmeyer H, Dalrymple SA, Murray R, Manolagas SC (1995) Regulation of interleukin-6, osteoclastogenesis, and bone mass by androgens. The role of the androgen receptor. J Clin Invest 95:2886\u20132895","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1754_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00001","volume":"124","author":"Orwoll","year":"1996","unstructured":"Orwoll ES, Bauer DC, Vogt TM, Fox KM (1996) Axial bone mass in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Int Med 124:187\u2013196","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"1754_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-3-596","volume":"64","author":"Mauras","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mauras N, Blizzard RM, Link K, Johnson ML, Rogol AD, Veldhuis JD (1987) Augmentation of growth hormone secretion during puberty: evidence for a pulse amplitude-modulated phenomenon. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:596\u2013601","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1754_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230020048","volume":"70","author":"Gillberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gillberg P, Olofsson H, Mallmin H, Blum WF, Ljunghall S, Nilsson AG (2002) Bone mineral density in femoral neck is positively correlated to circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 in Swedish men. Calcif Tissue Int 70:22\u201329","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1754_CR34","first-page":"2286","volume":"84","author":"Vestergaard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Orskov H, Mosekilde L (1999) Effect of sex hormone replacement on the insulin-like growth factor system and bone mineral: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in 595 perimenopausal women participating in the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2286\u20132290","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1754_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00066-0","volume":"23","author":"Collins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Collins D, Woods A, Herd R, Blake G, Fogelman I, Wheeler M, Swaminathan R (1998) Insulin-like growth factor-I and bone mineral density. Bone 23:13\u201316","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1754_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-002-1002-0","volume":"71","author":"Karasik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karasik D, Rosen CJ, Hannan MT, Broe KE, Dawson-Hughes B, Gagnon DR, Wilson PW, Visser M, Langlois JA, Mohan S, Kiel DP (2002) Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 4 and 5 and bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Calcif Tissue Int 71:323\u2013328","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1754_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.2.3695","volume":"82","author":"Vered","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vered I, Kaiserman I, Sela BA, Sack J (1997) Cross genotype sex hormone treatment in two cases of hypogonadal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:576\u2013578","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1754_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8598","volume":"87","author":"Gravholt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gravholt CH, Lauridsen AL, Brixen K, Mosekilde L, Heickendorff L, Christiansen JS (2002) Marked disproportionality in bone size and mineral, and distinct abnormalities in bone markers and calcitropic hormones in adult turner syndrome: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:2798\u20132808","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-004-1754-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-004-1754-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-004-1754-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T11:03:51Z","timestamp":1558609431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-004-1754-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-004-1754-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,16]]}}}