{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T06:23:35Z","timestamp":1778999015640,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-3907-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T09:53:37Z","timestamp":1484042017000},"page":"1543-1548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hyponatremia and fractures: should hyponatremia be further studied as a potential biochemical risk factor to be included in FRAX algorithms?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J. C.","family":"Ayus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Bellido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"3907_CR1","unstructured":"Kanis JA, on behalf of the World Health Organization Scientific Group (2007) Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health-care level. Technical Report. Wrld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Accessed https:\/\/www.shef.au.uk\/FRAX\/reference.aspx 14 July 2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"3907_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.06.006","volume":"14","author":"AR Pressman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pressman AR, Lo JC, Chandra M, Ettinger B (2011) Methods for assessing fracture risk prediction models: experience with FRAX in a large integrated health care delivery system. J Clin Densitom 14(4):407\u2013415","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"10","key":"3907_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0588-0","volume":"19","author":"ND Nguyen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nguyen ND, Frost SA, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV (2008) Osteoporos Int 19(10):1431\u20131444","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"3907_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-011-9544-7","volume":"90","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanis JA, McCloskey E, Johansson H, Oden A, Leslie WD (2012) FRAX with or without BMD. Calcif Tissue Int 90:1\u20133","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"3907_CR5","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE Clinical guideline 146. Osteoporosis: assessing the risk of fragility fracture. London, UK. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg146"},{"key":"3907_CR6","first-page":"417","volume":"98","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Compston J, Cooper C et al (2016) SIGN guidelines for Scotland. BMD vs FRAX vs Qfracture: Calcif Tissue Int 98:417\u2013425","journal-title":"BMD vs FRAX vs Qfracture: Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"3907_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1964-3","volume":"23","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Od\u00e9n A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Wahl DA, Cooper C, IOF Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life (2012) A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos Int 23(9):2239\u20132256","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"3907_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.05.010","volume":"14","author":"T Masud","year":"2011","unstructured":"Masud T, Binkley N, Boonen S, Hannan MT (2011) Official positions for FRAX\u00ae clinical regarding falls and frailty: can falls and frailty be used in FRAX\u00ae? From joint official positions development conference of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation on FRAX\u00ae. ; FRAX(\u00ae) position development conference members. J Clin Densitom 14(3):194\u2013204","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"3907_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-1020","volume":"170","author":"G Spasovsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spasovsky G, Vanholder R, Allolio B et al (2014) Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia. Eur J Endocrinol 170:G1\u2013G47","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"3907_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00609.x","volume":"54","author":"M Miller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miller M (2006) Hyponatremia and arginine vasopressin dysregulation: mechanisms, clinical consequences, and management. J Am Geriatr Soc 54:345\u2013353","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"3907_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06623.x","volume":"43","author":"M Miller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miller M, Morley JE, Rubenstein LZ (1995) Hyponatremia in a nursing home population. J Am Geriatr Soc 43:1410\u20131413","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"3907_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-11-891","volume":"117","author":"JC Ayus","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Wheeler JM, Arieff AI (1992) Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women. Ann Intern Med 117(11):891\u2013897","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3907_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F619","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00502.2007","volume":"295","author":"JC Ayus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Achinger SG, Arieff A (2008) Brain cell volume regulation in hyponatremia: role of sex, age, vasopressin, and hypoxia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295(3):F619\u2013F624","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3907_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft192","volume":"28","author":"ML Moritz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moritz ML, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ayus JC (2013) Ecstacy-associated hyponatremia: why are women at risk? Nephrol Dial Transplant 28(9):2206\u20132209","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"19","key":"3907_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198711053171905","volume":"317","author":"JC Ayus","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Krothapalli RK, Arieff AI (1987) Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia and its relation to brain damage. A prospective study. N Engl J Med 317(19):1190\u20131195","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3907_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.2.517","volume":"107","author":"JC Ayus","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Arieff AI (1995) Pulmonary complications of hyponatremic encephalopathy. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Chest 107(2):517\u2013521","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"3907_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-9-200005020-00005","volume":"132","author":"JC Ayus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Varon J, Arieff AI (2000) Hyponatremia, cerebral edema, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in marathon runners. Ann Intern Med 132(9):711\u2013714","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"3907_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.24.2299","volume":"281","author":"JC Ayus","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Arieff AI (1999) Chronic hyponatremic encephalopathy in postmenopausal women: association of therapies with morbidity and mortality. JAMA 281(24):2299\u20132304","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3907_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.380","volume":"26","author":"EJ Hoorn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hoorn EJ, Rivadeneira F, van Meurs JB et al (2011) Mild hyponatremia as a risk factor for fractures: The Rotterdam Study. J Bone Miner Res 26:1822","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"3907_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn061","volume":"101","author":"F Gankam Kengne","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gankam Kengne F, Andres C, Sattar L, Melot C, Decaux G (2008) Mild hyponatremia and risk of fracture in the ambulatory elderly. QJM 101:583\u2013588","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"3907_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-009-9585-2","volume":"41","author":"HS Sandhu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sandhu HS, Gilles E, DeVita MV, Panagopoulos G, Michelis MF (2009) Hyponatremia associated with large-bone fracture in elderly patients. Int Urol Nephrol 41:733\u2013737","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3907_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.5301\/jn.5000064","volume":"25","author":"R Tolouian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tolouian R, Alhamad T, Farazmand, Mulla ZD (2012) The correlation of hip fracture and hyponatremia in the elderly. J Nephrol 25(5):789\u2013793","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"3907_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06120809","volume":"5","author":"S Kinsella","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kinsella S, Moran S, Sullivan MO, Molloy MG, Eustace JA (2010) Hyponatremia independent of osteoporosis is associated with fracture occurrence. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:275\u2013280","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3907_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1261","volume":"100","author":"RL Usala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Usala RL, Fernandez SJ, Mete M, Cowen L, Shara NM, Barsony J, Verbalis JG (2015) Hyponatremia is associated with increased osteoporosis and bone fractures in a large US health system population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(8):3021\u20133031","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"3907_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs412","volume":"27","author":"JC Ayus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Negri AL, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Moritz ML (2012) Is chronic hyponatremia a novel risk factor for hip fracture in the elderly? Nephrol Dial Transplant 27(10):3725\u20133731","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"3907_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2383","volume":"30","author":"SA Jamal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jamal SA, Arampatzis S, Harrison SL, Bucur RC, Ensrud K, Orwoll ES, Bauer DC (2015) Hyponatremia and fractures: findings from the MrOS Study. J Bone Miner Res 30(6):970\u2013975","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"3907_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw029","volume":"31","author":"JC Ayus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ayus JC, Fuentes NA, Negri AL, Moritz ML, Giunta DH, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Nigwekar SU, Thadhani RI, Go AS, De Quiros FG et al (2016) Mild prolonged chronic hyponatremia and risk of hip fracture in the elderly. Nephrol Dial Transplant 31(10):1662\u20131669","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"3907_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00580.x","volume":"54","author":"J Verghese","year":"2006","unstructured":"Verghese J, Levalley A, Hall CB, Katz MJ, Ambrose AF, Lipton RB (2006) Epidemiology of gait disorders in community-residing older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 54:255\u2013261","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"3907_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renneboog B, Musch W, Vandemergel X, Manto MU, Decaux G. Mild chronic hyponatremia is associated with falls, unsteadiness, and attention deficits. Am J Med 2006; 119:71 e1\u201371 e8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.026"},{"key":"3907_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065181","volume":"355","author":"RW Schrier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schrier RW, Gross P, Gheorghiade M et al (2006) Tolvaptan, a selective oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 355:2099\u20132112","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3907_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115292","volume":"88","author":"YH Lien","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lien YH, Shapiro JI, Chan L (1991) Study of brain electrolytes and organic osmolytes during correction of chronic hyponatremia. Implications for the pathogenesis of central pontine myelinolysis. J Clin Invest 88(1):303\u2013309","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"3907_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90806-7","volume":"567","author":"JG Verbalis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Verbalis JG, Gullans SR (1991) Hyponatremia causes large sustained reductions in brain content of multiple organic osmolytes in rats. Brain Res 567(2):274\u2013282","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"33","key":"3907_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906791106","volume":"106","author":"EY Yuen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yuen EY, Liu W, Karatsoreos IN, Feng J, McEwen BS, Yan Z (2009) Acute stress enhances glutamatergic transmission in prefrontal cortex and facilitates working memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(33):14075\u201314079","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"3907_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014121196","volume":"27","author":"H Fujisawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujisawa H, Sugimura Y, Takagi H, Mizoguchi H, Takeuchi H, Izumida H, Nakashima K, Ochiai H, Takeuchi S, Kiyota A, Fukumoto K, Iwama S, Takagishi Y, Hayashi Y, Arima H, Komatsu Y, Murata Y, Oiso Y (2016) Chronic hyponatremia causes neurologic and psychologic impairments. J Am Soc Nephrol 27(3):766\u2013780","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3907_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403033300907","volume":"330","author":"SA Lipton","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lipton SA, Rosenberg PA (1994) Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N Engl J Med 330(9):613\u2013622","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3907_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-10-0050","volume":"206","author":"T Miyazaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miyazaki T, Ohmoto K, Hirose T, Fujiki H (2010) Chronic hyponatremia impairs memory in rats: effects of vasopressin antagonist tolvaptan. J Endocrinol 206:105\u2013120","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3907_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12597","volume":"46","author":"F Vandergheynst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vandergheynst F, Gombeir Y, Bellante F, Perrotta G, Remiche G, M\u00e9lot C, Mavroudakis N, Decaux G (2016) Impact of hyponatremia on nerve conduction and muscle strength. Eur J Clin Investig 46(4):328\u2013333","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"3907_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090827","volume":"25","author":"JG Verbalis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verbalis JG, Barsony J, Sugimura Y, Tian Y, Adams DJ, Carter EA, Resnick HE (2010) Hyponatremia induced osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 25:554\u2013563","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"3907_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.12.002","volume":"84","author":"C Kruse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kruse C, Eiken P, Verbalis J, Vestergaard P (2016) The effect of chronic mild hyponatremia on bone mineral loss evaluated by retrospective national Danish patient data. Bone 84:9\u201314","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"3907_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3370-0","volume":"27","author":"JP Holm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holm JP, Amar AO, Hyldstrup L, Jensen JE (2016) Hyponatremia, a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures in women. Osteoporos Int 27(3):989\u20131001","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"3907_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3108-z","volume":"26","author":"F Afshinnia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Afshinnia F, Sundaram B, Ackermann RJ, Wong KK (2015) Hyponatremia and osteoporosis: reappraisal of a novel association. Osteoporos Int 26(9):2291\u20132298","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"3907_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10864","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.155002","volume":"286","author":"J Basony","year":"2011","unstructured":"Basony J, Sugimuar Y, Verbalisa JG (2011) Osteoclast response to low extracellular sodium and the mechanism of hyponatremia-inducerd bone loss. J Biol Chem 286:10864\u201310875","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3907_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102959","volume":"33","author":"WH Bergstrom","year":"1954","unstructured":"Bergstrom WH, Wallace WM (1954) Bone as a sodium and potassium reservoir. J Clin Invest 33:867\u2013873","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3907_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103168","volume":"34","author":"WH Bergstrom","year":"1955","unstructured":"Bergstrom WH (1955) The participation of bone in total sodium metabolism in the rat. J Clin Invest 34:997\u20131004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"3907_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2031","volume":"97","author":"AS Sejling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sejling AS, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Eiken P (2012) Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion and adverse osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(12):4306\u20134310","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"3907_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1572","volume":"99","author":"AS Sejling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sejling AS, Thorsteinsson AL, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Eiken P (2014) Recovery from SIADH-associated osteoporosis: a case report. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(10):3527\u20133530","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"46","key":"3907_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318257110","volume":"110","author":"R Tamma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamma R, Sun L, Cuscito C, Lu P, Corcelli M, Li J, Colaianni G, Moonga SS, Di Benedetto A, Grano M, Colucci S, Yuen T, New MI, Zallone A, Zaidi M (2013) Regulation of bone remodeling by vasopressin explains the bone loss in hyponatremia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(46):18644\u201318649","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-017-3907-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-017-3907-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-017-3907-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T10:14:41Z","timestamp":1568715281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-017-3907-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-017-3907-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]}}}