{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:01:21Z","timestamp":1790514081803,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000182","name":"Medical Research and Materiel Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-09-1-0641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-09-1-0641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4018-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T04:55:59Z","timestamp":1491022559000},"page":"2177-2186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Acute bone changes after lower limb amputation resulting from traumatic injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"D. A.","family":"Bemben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. D.","family":"Sherk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. J. J.","family":"Ertl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Bemben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.01.001","volume":"44","author":"J Rittweger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rittweger J, Simunic B, Bilancio G et al (2009) Bone loss in the lower leg during 35 days of bed rest is predominantly from the cortical compartment. Bone 44:612\u2013618","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"4018_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12119","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12119","volume":"2","author":"JLL Morgan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morgan JLL, Heer M, Hargens AR et al (2014) Sex-specific responses of bone metabolism and renal stone risk during bed rest. Physiol Rep 2:e12119. doi:\n                    10.14814\/phy2.12119","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"4018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040307","volume":"19","author":"T Lang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lang T, LeBlanc A, Evans H, Lu Y, Genant H, Yu A (2004) Cortical and trabecular bone mineral loss from the spine and hip in long-duration spaceflight. J Bone Miner Res 19:1006\u20131012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"4018_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-91-1-13","volume":"91","author":"A Esquenazi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Esquenazi A, DiGiacomo R (2001) Rehabilitation after amputation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91:13\u201322","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"4018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640308726681","volume":"27","author":"B Davies","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davies B, Datta D (2003) Mobility outcome following unilateral lower limb amputation. Prosthetics Orthot Int 27:186\u2013190","journal-title":"Prosthetics Orthot Int"},{"key":"4018_CR6","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Atlas of amputations and limb deficiencies: surgical, prosthetic, and rehabilitation principles","author":"J Perry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perry J (2004) Amputee gait. In: Smith DG, Michael JW, Bowker JH (eds) Atlas of amputations and limb deficiencies: surgical, prosthetic, and rehabilitation principles. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL, pp 367\u2013384"},{"key":"4018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v19.i4.50","volume":"19","author":"AG Robling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robling AG, Turner C (2009) Mechanical signaling for bone modeling and remodeling. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 19:219\u2013338","journal-title":"Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr"},{"key":"4018_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1191\/026921598672393611","volume":"12","author":"J Kulkarni","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kulkarni J, Adams J, Thomas E, Silman A (1998) Association between amputation, arthritis and osteopenia in British male war veterans with major lower limb amputations. Clin Rehabil 12:348\u2013353","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"4018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6054(02)00350-1","volume":"46","author":"MM Leclerq","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leclerq MM, Bonidan O, Haaby E, Pierrejean C, Sengler J (2003) Study of bone mass with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in a population of 99 lower limb amputees. Annales de Readaptation et de Medicine Physique 46:24\u201330","journal-title":"Annales de Readaptation et de Medicine Physique"},{"key":"4018_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90348-4","volume":"75","author":"PJ Rush","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rush PJ, Wong JSW, Kirsh J, Devlin M (1994) Osteopenia in patients with above knee amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75:112\u2013115","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4018_CR11","unstructured":"Meerkin J, Parker T (2002) Bone mineral apparent density of transfemoral amputees. Proceedings of the Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport: Sports Medicine and Science at the Extremes"},{"key":"4018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.07.003","volume":"20","author":"T Royer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Royer T, Koenig M (2005) Joint loading and bone mineral density in persons with unilateral, trans-tibial amputation. Clin Biomech 20:1119\u20131125","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"4018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640802016316","volume":"32","author":"K Yazicioglu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yazicioglu K, Tugcu I, Yilmaz B, Goktepe AS, Mohur H (2008) Osteoporosis: a factor on residual limb pain in traumatic trans-tibial amputations. Prosthetics Orthot Int 32:172\u2013178","journal-title":"Prosthetics Orthot Int"},{"key":"4018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/03093640903214075","volume":"33","author":"I Tugcu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tugcu I, Safaz I, Yilmaz B, Goktepe AH, Taskaynatan MA, Yazicioglu K (2009) Muscle strength and bone mineral density in mine victims with transtibial amputation. Prosthetics Orthot Int 33:299\u2013306","journal-title":"Prosthetics Orthot Int"},{"key":"4018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a66a8a","volume":"28","author":"JH Flint","year":"2014","unstructured":"Flint JH, Wade AM, Stocker DJ, Pasquina PF, Howard RS, Potter BK (2014) Bone mineral density loss after combat-related lower extremity amputation. J Orthop Trauma 28:238\u2013244","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"4018_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0b013e318206dd72","volume":"23","author":"E Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith E, Comiskey C, Carroll A, Ryall N (2011) A study of bone mineral density in lower limb amputees at a National Prosthetics Center. J Prosthet Orthot 23:14\u201320","journal-title":"J Prosthet Orthot"},{"key":"4018_CR17","first-page":"276","volume":"61","author":"EG Gonzalez","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gonzalez EG, Matthews MM (1980) Femoral fractures in patients with lower extremity amputations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 61:276\u2013280","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080402","volume":"23","author":"VD Sherk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sherk VD, Bemben MG, Bemben DA (2008) Bone density and bone geometry in transtibial and transfemoral amputees. J Bone Miner Res 23:1449\u20131457","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"4018_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.04.008","volume":"91","author":"VD Sherk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sherk VD, Bemben MG, Bemben DA (2010) Interlimb muscle and fat comparisons in persons with lower limb amputations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 91:1077\u20131081","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24295","volume":"82","author":"WC Miller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miller WC, Speechley M, Deathe B (2001) The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82:1031\u20131037","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"4018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000219119.58965.8c","volume":"85","author":"T Pauley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pauley T, Devlin M, Heslin K (2006) Falls sustained during inpatient rehabilitation after lower limb amputation: prevalence and predictors. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 85(6):521\u2013532 quiz, 533-5","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5866","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705092200","volume":"283","author":"AG Robling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robling AG, Niziolek PJ, Baldridge LA et al (2008) Mechanical stimulation of bone in vivo reduces osteocyte expression of Sost\/sclerostin. J Biol Chem 283:5866\u20135875","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090411","volume":"24","author":"C Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin C, Jiang X, Dai Z et al (2009) Sclerostin mediates bone response to mechanical unloading through antagonizing Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling. J Bone Miner Res 24:1651\u20131661","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"4018_CR24","first-page":"45","volume":"13","author":"P Frings-Meuthen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frings-Meuthen P, Boehme G, Liphardt AM, Baecker N, Heer M, Rittweger J (2013) Sclerostin and DKK1 levels during 14 and 21 days of bed rest in healthy young men. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 13:45\u201352","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"4018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-015-0681-3","volume":"34","author":"DL Belavy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Belavy DL, Baecker N, Armbrecht G et al (2016) Serum sclerostin and DKK1 in relation to exercise against bone loss in experimental bed rest. J Bone Miner Metab 34:354\u2013365","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"4018_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0067","volume":"95","author":"A Gaudio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaudio A, Pennisi P, Bratengeier C et al (2010) Increased sclerostin serum levels associated with bone formation and resorption markers in patients with immobilization-induced bone loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:2248\u20132253","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"4018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22129","volume":"30","author":"K Sarahrudi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarahrudi K, Thomas A, Albrecht C, Aharinejad S (2012) Strongly enhanced levels of sclerostin during human fracture healing. J Orthop Res 30:1549\u20131555","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"4018_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B3.22787","volume":"92-B","author":"G Cox","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cox G, Einhorn TA, Tzioupis C, Giannoudis PV (2010) Bone-turnover markers in fracture healing. J Bone Joint Surg 92-B:329\u2013334","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"4018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2011.08.003","volume":"21","author":"T Krusenstjerna-Hafstrom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krusenstjerna-Hafstrom T, Rasmussen MH, Raschke M, Govender S, Madsen J, Christiansen JS (2011) Biochemical markers of bone turnover in tibia fracture patients randomly assigned to growth hormone (GH) or placebo injections. Growth Hormon IGF Res 21:331\u2013335","journal-title":"Growth Hormon IGF Res"},{"key":"4018_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.11.017","volume":"42","author":"A Moghaddam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moghaddam A, M\u00fcller U, Roth HJ, Wentzensen A, Gr\u00fctzner PA, Zimmermann G (2011) TRACP 5b and CTX as osteological markers of delayed fracture healing. Injury 42:758\u2013764","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"4018_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118453926.ch35","volume-title":"Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism","author":"P Szulc","year":"2013","unstructured":"Szulc P, Bauer DC, Eastell R (2013) Biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. In: Rosen CJ (ed) Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism, 8th edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames Iowa, pp 297\u2013306","edition":"8th"},{"key":"4018_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt071","volume":"68","author":"E Seeman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seeman E (2013) Age- and menopause-related bone loss compromise cortical and trabecular microstructure. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med 68:1218\u20131225","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med"},{"key":"4018_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-007-9091-4","volume":"82","author":"JP Rissanen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rissanen JP, Suominen MI, Peng Z, Halleen JM (2008) Secreted tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b is a marker of osteoclast number in human osteoclast cultures and the rat ovariectomy model. Calcif Tissue Int 82:108\u2013115","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"4018_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.12.001","volume":"19","author":"MF Holick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holick MF (2009) Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Ann Epidemiol 19:73\u201378","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"4018_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.08.004","volume":"16","author":"JT Schousboe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Bilezikian JP, Baim S (2013) Executive summary of the 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry position development conference on bone densitometry. J Clin Densitom 16:455\u2013466","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"4018_CR36","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D","author":"IOM (Institute of Medicine)","year":"2011","unstructured":"IOM (Institute of Medicine) (2011) Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC"},{"key":"4018_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364611420478","volume":"35","author":"JF Ramirez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramirez JF, Isaza JA, Mariaka I, Velez JA (2011) Analysis of bone demineralization due to the use of exoprosthesis by comparing Young\u2019s modulus of the femur in unilateral amputees. Prosthetics Orthot Int 35:459\u2013466","journal-title":"Prosthetics Orthot Int"},{"key":"4018_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3307-7","volume":"27","author":"FMH Lam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lam FMH, Bui M, Yang FZH, Pang MYC (2016) Chronic effects of stroke on hip bone density and tibial morphology: a longitudinal study. Osteoporosis Int 27:591\u2013603","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"4018_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9947-3","volume":"96","author":"E Kostovski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kostovski E, Hjeltnes N, Eriksen EF, Kolset SO, Iversen PO (2015) Differences in bone mineral density, markers of bone turnover and extracellular matrix and daily life muscular activity among patients with recent motor-incomplete versus motor-complete spinal cord injury. Calcif Tissue Int 96:145\u2013154","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"4018_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.01.005","volume":"74","author":"S Coupaud","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coupaud S, McLean AN, Purcell M, Fraser MH, Allan DB (2015) Decreases in bone mineral density at cortical and trabecular sites in the tibia and femur during the first year of spinal cord injury. Bone 74:69\u201375","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"4018_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070080","volume":"11","author":"LJ Melton III","year":"2000","unstructured":"Melton LJ III, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, O\u2019Connor MK, O\u2019Fallon WM, Riggs BL (2000) Cross-sectional versus longitudinal evaluation of bone loss in men and women. Osteoporosis Int 11:592\u2013599","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-017-4018-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-017-4018-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-017-4018-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T03:39:29Z","timestamp":1589427569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-017-4018-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-017-4018-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Institutional Review Board, and patients gave written informed consent prior to participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Debra Bemben, Vanessa Sherk, and Michael Bemben declare they have no conflict of interest.William Ertl received speaker fees from Acelity\/KCI, not related to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}