{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:40:08Z","timestamp":1789969208774,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013018","name":"Hospital for Special Surgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-0658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-0658"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05245-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T15:02:51Z","timestamp":1578582171000},"page":"647-654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Low volumetric bone density is a risk factor for early complications after spine fusion surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Krez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Marty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Carrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Bockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9337-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. M.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"5245_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb031771","volume":"350","author":"RA Deyo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Nachemson A, Mirza SK (2004) Spinal-fusion surgery\u2014the case for restraint. N Engl J Med 350:722\u2013726","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5245_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217694151","volume":"7","author":"DN Bernstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bernstein DN, Brodell D, Li Y, Rubery PT, Mesfin A (2017) Impact of the economic downturn on elective lumbar spine surgery in the United States: a National Trend Analysis, 2003 to 2013. Global Spine J 7:213\u2013219","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"5245_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244618.06877.cd","volume":"31","author":"RA Deyo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Martin BI (2006) Back pain prevalence and visit rates: estimates from U.S. national surveys, 2002. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31:2724\u20132727","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.08.026","volume":"120","author":"RC Hofler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hofler RC, Swong K, Martin B, Wemhoff M, Jones GA (2018) Risk of pseudoarthrosis after spinal fusion: analysis from the healthcare cost and utilization project. World Neurosurg 120:e194\u2013e202","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5245_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.FOCUS1440","volume":"36","author":"KL Ong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ong KL, Auerbach JD, Lau E, Schmier J, Ochoa JA (2014) Perioperative outcomes, complications, and costs associated with lumbar spinal fusion in older patients with spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. Neurosurg Focus 36:E5","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"5245_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salzmann SN, Shirahata T, Yang J, et al. (2018) Regional bone mineral density differences measured by quantitative computed tomography: does the standard clinically used L1-L2 average correlate with the entire lumbosacral spine? Spine J","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.10.007"},{"key":"5245_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10277","volume":"46","author":"Q Rehman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rehman Q, Lang T, Modin G, Lane NE (2002) Quantitative computed tomography of the lumbar spine, not dual x-ray absorptiometry, is an independent predictor of prevalent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteopenia receiving long-term glucocorticoid and hormone-replacement therapy. Arthritis Rheum 46:1292\u20131297","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"5245_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060903","volume":"21","author":"GN Farhat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farhat GN, Cauley JA, Matthews KA, Newman AB, Johnston J, Mackey R, Edmundowicz D, Sutton-Tyrrell K (2006) Volumetric BMD and vascular calcification in middle-aged women: the Study of Women\u2019s Health Across the Nation. J Bone Miner Res 21:1839\u20131846","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"5245_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200011000-00015","volume":"24","author":"KD Hopper","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hopper KD, Wang MP, Kunselman AR (2000) The use of clinical CT for baseline bone density assessment. J Comput Assist Tomogr 24:896\u2013899","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"5245_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3318-4","volume":"27","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Binkley N, Lubner MG, Bruce RJ, Ziemlewicz TJ, Pickhardt PJ (2016) Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using the sagittal reconstruction from routine abdominal CT for combined assessment of vertebral fractures and density. Osteoporos Int 27:1131\u20131136","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"5245_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.02.018","volume":"14","author":"RJ Ward","year":"2017","unstructured":"Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging, Ward RJ, Roberts CC et al (2017) ACR Appropriateness Criteria((R)) osteoporosis and bone mineral density. J Am Coll Radiol 14:S189\u2013S202","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"5245_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01376","volume":"100","author":"PA Anderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson PA, Polly DW, Binkley NC, Pickhardt PJ (2018) Clinical use of opportunistic computed tomography screening for osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 100:2073\u20132081","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"5245_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2019-0061","volume":"14","author":"KJ Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KJ, Kim DH, Lee JI, Choi BK, Han IH, Nam KH (2019) Hounsfield units on lumbar computed tomography for predicting regional bone mineral density. Open Med (Wars) 14:545\u2013551","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)"},{"key":"5245_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00749","volume":"99","author":"EB Gausden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gausden EB, Nwachukwu BU, Schreiber JJ, Lorich DG, Lane JM (2017) Opportunistic use of CT imaging for osteoporosis screening and bone density assessment: a qualitative systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 99:1580\u20131590","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"5245_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2015.1074892","volume":"31","author":"M Marinova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marinova M, Edon B, Wolter K, Katsimbari B, Schild HH, Strunk HM (2015) Use of routine thoracic and abdominal computed tomography scans for assessing bone mineral density and detecting osteoporosis. Curr Med Res Opin 31:1871\u20131881","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"5245_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1279","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001612","volume":"41","author":"SC Wagner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wagner SC, Formby PM, Helgeson MD, Kang DG (2016) Diagnosing the undiagnosed: osteoporosis in patients undergoing lumbar fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 41:E1279\u2013E1283","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217743727","volume":"8","author":"BT Bjerke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bjerke BT, Zarrabian M, Aleem IS, Fogelson JL, Currier BL, Freedman BA, Bydon M, Nassr A (2018) Incidence of osteoporosis-related complications following posterior lumbar fusion. Global Spine J 8:563\u2013569","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"5245_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.04.014","volume":"145","author":"A Balci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balci A, Kalemci O, Kaya FG, Akyoldas G, Yucesoy K, Ozaksoy D (2016) Early and long-term changes in adjacent vertebral body bone mineral density determined by quantitative computed tomography after posterolateral fusion with transpedicular screw fixation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 145:84\u201388","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"5245_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4443","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004443","volume":"95","author":"H Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang H, Ma L, Yang D, Wang T, Yang S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhang F, Ding W (2016) Incidence and risk factors for the progression of proximal junctional kyphosis in degenerative lumbar scoliosis following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e4443","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"5245_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4534-0","volume":"25","author":"FY Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu FY, Wang T, Yang SD, Wang H, Yang DL, Ding WY (2016) Incidence and risk factors for proximal junctional kyphosis: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 25:2376\u20132383","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5245_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2487-8","volume":"136","author":"J Bredow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bredow J, Boese CK, Werner CM, Siewe J, Lohrer L, Zarghooni K, Eysel P, Scheyerer MJ (2016) Predictive validity of preoperative CT scans and the risk of pedicle screw loosening in spinal surgery. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 136:1063\u20131067","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"5245_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3893","volume":"35","author":"BJ Schwaiger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwaiger BJ, Gersing AS, Baum T, Noel PB, Zimmer C, Bauer JS (2014) Bone mineral density values derived from routine lumbar spine multidetector row CT predict osteoporotic vertebral fractures and screw loosening. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35:1628\u20131633","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"5245_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3844-y","volume":"24","author":"ZJ Tempel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tempel ZJ, Gandhoke GS, Okonkwo DO, Kanter AS (2015) Impaired bone mineral density as a predictor of graft subsidence following minimally invasive transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Eur Spine J 24(Suppl 3):414\u2013419","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5245_CR24","first-page":"163","volume":"90","author":"S Etebar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Etebar S, Cahill DW (1999) Risk factors for adjacent-segment failure following lumbar fixation with rigid instrumentation for degenerative instability. J Neurosurg 90:163\u2013169","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5245_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00558","volume":"103","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu Y, Carrino JA, Dash AS, Chukir T, Do H, Bockman RS, Hughes AP, Press JM, Stein EM (2018) Lower spine volumetric bone density in patients with a history of epidural steroid injections. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:3405\u20133410","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5245_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.111","volume":"25","author":"XS Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu XS, Cohen A, Shane E et al (2010) Bone density, geometry, microstructure, and stiffness: relationships between peripheral and central skeletal sites assessed by DXA, HR-pQCT, and cQCT in premenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 25:2229\u20132238","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"5245_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-019-0621-2","volume":"14","author":"KY Cheuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheuk KY, Hu Y, Tam EMS et al (2019) Bone measurements at multiple skeletal sites in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-an in vivo correlation study using DXA, HR-pQCT and QCT. Arch Osteoporos 14:70","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"5245_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E473","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000703","volume":"31","author":"K Ishikawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ishikawa K, Toyone T, Shirahata T et al (2018) A novel method for the prediction of the pedicle screw stability: regional bone mineral density around the screw. Clin Spine Surg 31:E473\u2013E480","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"5245_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-013-9367-3","volume":"10","author":"JJ Schreiber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schreiber JJ, Hughes AP, Taher F, Girardi FP (2014) An association can be found between Hounsfield units and success of lumbar spine fusion. HSS J 10:25\u201329","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"key":"5245_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1578804","volume":"6","author":"PM Formby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Formby PM, Kang DG, Helgeson MD, Wagner SC (2016) Clinical and radiographic outcomes of transforaminal lumbar Interbody fusion in patients with osteoporosis. Global spine journal 6:660\u2013664","journal-title":"Global spine journal"},{"key":"5245_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31826ff084","volume":"38","author":"DS Meredith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meredith DS, Schreiber JJ, Taher F, Cammisa FP Jr, Girardi FP (2013) Lower preoperative Hounsfield unit measurements are associated with adjacent segment fracture after spinal fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38:415\u2013418","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0370-8","volume":"18","author":"DK Chin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chin DK, Park JY, Yoon YS, Kuh SU, Jin BH, Kim KS, Cho YE (2007) Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients requiring spine surgery: incidence and significance of osteoporosis in spine disease. Osteoporos Int 18:1219\u20131224","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"5245_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001175","volume":"41","author":"S Burch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burch S, Feldstein M, Hoffmann PF, Keaveny TM (2016) Prevalence of poor bone quality in women undergoing spinal fusion using biomechanical-CT analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 41:246\u2013252","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.14444\/5086","volume":"12","author":"CR Fischer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fischer CR, Vasudeva E, Beaubrun B, Messer Z, Cazzullino A, Lehman R (2018) Osteoporosis knowledge among spine surgery patients. Int J Spine Surg 12:689\u2013694","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"5245_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.11.157","volume":"110","author":"K Phan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phan K, Fadhil M, Chang N, Giang G, Gragnaniello C, Mobbs RJ (2018) Effect of smoking status on successful arthrodesis, clinical outcome, and complications after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). World Neurosurg 110:e998\u2013e1003","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5245_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"How NE, Street JT, Dvorak MF, Fisher CG, Kwon BK, Paquette S, Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Ailon T (2018) Pseudarthrosis in adult and pediatric spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of incidence, characteristics, and risk factors. Neurosurg Rev","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0951-3"},{"key":"5245_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199404150-00007","volume":"19","author":"TK Daftari","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daftari TK, Whitesides TE Jr, Heller JG, Goodrich AC, McCarey BE, Hutton WC (1994) Nicotine on the revascularization of bone graft. An experimental study in rabbits. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 19:904\u2013911","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR38","first-page":"590","volume":"25","author":"TC Kwiatkowski","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski TC, Hanley EN Jr, Ramp WK (1996) Cigarette smoking and its orthopedic consequences. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 25:590\u2013597","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"5245_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.05.380","volume":"6","author":"JC France","year":"2006","unstructured":"France JC, Norman TL, Buchanan MM, Scheel M, Veale M, Ackerman ES, Clovis NB, Kish VL, Simon B (2006) Direct current stimulation for spine fusion in a nicotine exposure model. Spine J 6:7\u201313","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"5245_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1640-3","volume":"16","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A et al (2005) Smoking and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 16:155\u2013162","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"5245_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B36","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000463","volume":"39","author":"F Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu F, Bao H, Liu Z, Bentley M, Zhu Z, Ding Y, Qiu Y (2014) Unanticipated revision surgery in adult spinal deformity: an experience with 815 cases at one institution. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39:B36\u2013B44","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.2.SPINE151345","volume":"25","author":"V Puvanesarajah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Puvanesarajah V, Shen FH, Cancienne JM, Novicoff WM, Jain A, Shimer AL, Hassanzadeh H (2016) Risk factors for revision surgery following primary adult spinal deformity surgery in patients 65 years and older. J Neurosurg Spine 25:486\u2013493","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"5245_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000232","volume":"39","author":"A Marquez-Lara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marquez-Lara A, Nandyala SV, Sankaranarayanan S, Noureldin M, Singh K (2014) Body mass index as a predictor of complications and mortality after lumbar spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39:798\u2013804","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.03.001","volume":"10","author":"S Yadla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yadla S, Malone J, Campbell PG, Maltenfort MG, Harrop JS, Sharan AD, Vaccaro AR, Ratliff JK (2010) Obesity and spine surgery: reassessment based on a prospective evaluation of perioperative complications in elective degenerative thoracolumbar procedures. Spine J 10:581\u2013587","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"5245_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.4.1","volume":"6","author":"N Patel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patel N, Bagan B, Vadera S, Maltenfort MG, Deutsch H, Vaccaro AR, Harrop J, Sharan A, Ratliff JK (2007) Obesity and spine surgery: relation to perioperative complications. J Neurosurg Spine 6:291\u2013297","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"5245_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000784","volume":"40","author":"CA Burks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burks CA, Werner BC, Yang S, Shimer AL (2015) Obesity is associated with an increased rate of incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 40:500\u2013504","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"5245_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.06.005","volume":"16","author":"RK Owens 2nd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Owens RK 2nd, Djurasovic M, Onyekwelu I, Bratcher KR, McGraw KE, Carreon LY (2016) Outcomes and revision rates in normal, overweight, and obese patients 5 years after lumbar fusion. Spine J 16:1178\u20131183","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"5245_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3346-3","volume":"472","author":"J Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang J, Teng Y, Fan Z, Khan S, Xia Y (2014) Does obesity affect the surgical outcome and complication rates of spinal surgery? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 472:968\u2013975","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"5245_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14267","volume":"21","author":"TF Choudhri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choudhri TF, Mummaneni PV, Dhall SS et al (2014) Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 4: radiographic assessment of fusion status. J Neurosurg Spine 21:23\u201330","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05245-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05245-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05245-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:55:54Z","timestamp":1610067354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05245-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05245-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"YL, AD, AS, EM, HM, RSB declare they have nothing to disclose. HJK: research support from CSRS, ISSGF; board membership of AO Spine; Royalty from Zimmerbiomet and K2M. MC: research support from K2M, RTI. FS: research support from DePuy Spine, NuVaisve, Stryker, K2M; consulting fees from Globus Medical, K2M, Medtronic, Zimmer Biomet, Medicrea; shareholder of Nemaris INC. AH: research support from Pfizer, NuVasive, 4WEB Medical. BC: research support from Prosidyan. DJM: consulting fees from HSS. JAC: consulting fees from Pfizer, Covera (Spreemo) Health, Simplify Medical; personal fees from ImageBiopsy; other from Carestream, Image Analysis Group. EMS: research support form Novartis; Scientific Advisory Board member for Amgen.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}