{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:22:25Z","timestamp":1791231745359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Catalyst Grant CLSA data 2018-09-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Catalyst Grant CLSA data 2018-09-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06623-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T07:07:55Z","timestamp":1669792075000},"page":"357-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Variation in bone mineral density and fractures over 20\u00a0years among Canadians: a comparison of the Canadian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Nazila","family":"Hassanabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudie","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Rahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Goltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4317-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne N.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"6623_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoue T, Maeda K, Nagano A, Shimizu A, Ueshima J, Murotani K, Sato K, Hotta K, Morishita S, Tsubaki A (2021) Related factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia: a narrative review. Nutrients 13(20):291","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020291"},{"key":"6623_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canada PHAo (2021) Osteoporosis and related fractures in Canada: report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System 2020. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice 41:68","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.41.2.06"},{"key":"6623_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061109","volume":"22","author":"JB Richards","year":"2007","unstructured":"Richards JB, Leslie WD, Joseph L et al (2007) Changes to osteoporosis prevalence according to method of risk assessment. J Bone Miner Res 22:228\u2013234","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"6623_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025733","volume":"100","author":"K Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang K, Miao H, Zhao R, Wu X, Liu B, Zheng S, Huang D, Ping Z (2021) Association between serum uric acid and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-year longitudinal study in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 100:e25733","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"6623_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-06166-0","volume":"33","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Yan L, Lix LM, Morin SN (2022) Time dependency in early major osteoporotic and hip re-fractures in women and men aged 50 years and older: a population-based observational study. Osteoporos Int 33:39\u201346","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000064","volume":"26","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Morin SN (2014) Osteoporosis epidemiology 2013: implications for diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment. Curr Opin Rheumatol 26:440\u2013446","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6623_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980809990055","volume":"28","author":"PS Raina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raina PS, Wolfson C, Kirkland SA et al (2009) The Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA). Can J Aging 28:221\u2013229","journal-title":"Can J Aging"},{"key":"6623_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0503-z","volume":"13","author":"S Abtahi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abtahi S, Driessen JHM, Vestergaard P, van den Bergh J, Boonen A, de Vries F, Burden AM (2018) Secular trends in major osteoporotic fractures among 50+ adults in Denmark between 1995 and 2010. Arch Osteoporos 13:91","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"6623_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1601-6","volume":"22","author":"C Cooper","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cooper C, Cole ZA, Holroyd CR, Earl SC, Harvey NC, Dennison EM, Melton LJ, Cummings SR, Kanis JA, Epidemiology ICWGoF (2011) Secular trends in the incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 22:1277\u20131288","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-013-0168-x","volume":"11","author":"SN Morin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morin SN, Lix LM, Majumdar SR, Leslie WD (2013) Temporal trends in the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep 11:263\u2013269","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"6623_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4648-9","volume":"29","author":"Y Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wu Q (2018) Decreasing trend of bone mineral density in US multiethnic population: analysis of continuous NHANES 2005\u20132014. Osteoporos Int 29:2437\u20132446","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-3996-1","volume":"28","author":"AC Looker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Looker AC, Sarafrazi Isfahani N, Fan B, Shepherd JA (2017) Trends in osteoporosis and low bone mass in older US adults, 2005\u20132006 through 2013\u20132014. Osteoporos Int 28:1979\u20131988","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090706","volume":"25","author":"AC Looker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Looker AC, Melton LJ 3rd, Harris TB, Borrud LG, Shepherd JA (2010) Prevalence and trends in low femur bone density among older US adults: NHANES 2005\u20132006 compared with NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res 25:64\u201371","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"6623_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2099","volume":"29","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Lix LM, Yogendran MS, Morin SN, Metge CJ, Majumdar SR (2014) Temporal trends in obesity, osteoporosis treatment, bone mineral density, and fracture rates: a population-based historical cohort study. J Bone Miner Res 29:952\u2013959","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"6623_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2018.03.003","volume":"4","author":"CL Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung CL, Ang SB, Chadha M et al (2018) An updated hip fracture projection in Asia: The Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies study. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 4:16\u201321","journal-title":"Osteoporos Sarcopenia"},{"key":"6623_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1231","volume":"302","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leslie WD, O\u2019Donnell S, Jean S, Lagace C, Walsh P, Bancej C, Morin S, Hanley DA, Papaioannou A, Osteoporosis Surveillance Expert Working G (2009) Trends in hip fracture rates in Canada. JAMA 302:883\u2013889","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6623_CR17","first-page":"105","volume":"133","author":"MA Clynes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clynes MA, Harvey NC, Curtis EM, Fuggle NR, Dennison EM, Cooper C (2020) The epidemiology of osteoporosis. Br Med Bull 133:105\u2013117","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"6623_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3413-6","volume":"27","author":"A Senay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Senay A, Delisle J, Raynauld JP, Morin SN, Fernandes JC (2016) Agreement between physicians\u2019 and nurses\u2019 clinical decisions for the management of the fracture liaison service (4iFLS): the Lucky Bone program. Osteoporos Int 27:1569\u20131576","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100771","volume":"182","author":"A Papaioannou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Papaioannou A, Morin S, Cheung AM et al (2010) 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: summary. CMAJ 182:1864\u20131873","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"6623_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ, Siris ES (2022) The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int\u00a0(10):2049\u20132102","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y"},{"key":"6623_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4704-5","volume":"30","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY, Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for C, Economic Aspects of O, the Committees of Scientific A, National Societies of the International Osteoporosis F (2019) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 30:3\u201344","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curtis EM, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Harvey NC (2022) Osteoporosis in 2022: care gaps to screening and personalised medicine. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 101754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101754"},{"key":"6623_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.03.018","volume":"111","author":"CH Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu CH, Tu ST, Chang YF, Chan DC, Chien JT, Lin CH, Singh S, Dasari M, Chen JF, Tsai KS (2018) Fracture liaison services improve outcomes of patients with osteoporosis-related fractures: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Bone 111:92\u2013100","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"6623_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3074","volume":"32","author":"S Khosla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khosla S, Cauley JA, Compston J, Kiel DP, Rosen C, Saag KG, Shane E (2017) Addressing the crisis in the treatment of osteoporosis: a path forward. J Bone Miner Res 32:424\u2013430","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"6623_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980800009934","volume":"18","author":"N Kreiger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kreiger N, Tenenhouse A, Joseph L, Mackenzie T, Poliquin S, Brown JP, Prior JC, Rittmaster RS (2010) Research Notes: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos): background, rationale, methods. Can J Aging \/ La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 18:376\u2013387","journal-title":"Can J Aging \/ La Revue canadienne du vieillissement"},{"key":"6623_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz173","volume":"48","author":"P Raina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raina P, Wolfson C, Kirkland S et al (2019) Cohort profile: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Int J Epidemiol 48:1752\u20131753j","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6623_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.95","volume":"25","author":"C Berger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berger C, Goltzman D, Langsetmo L et al (2010) Peak bone mass from longitudinal data: implications for the prevalence, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 25:1948\u20131957","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"6623_CR28","unstructured":"CLSA (2017) Dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) SOP \u2013 calibration (quality assurance) and maintenance. In. version 3.0. Standard Operating Procedure number SOP_DCS_0043. ed2017"},{"key":"6623_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.09.001","volume":"22","author":"LG Jankowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jankowski LG, Warner S, Gaither K, Lenchik L, Fan B, Lu Y, Shepherd J (2019) Cross-calibration, least significant change and quality assurance in multiple dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner environments: 2019 ISCD Official Position. J Clin Densitom 22:472\u2013483","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"6623_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0280-1","volume":"18","author":"TN Hangartner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hangartner TN (2007) A study of the long-term precision of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometers and implications for the validity of the least-significant-change calculation. Osteoporos Int 18:513\u2013523","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.08.001","volume":"16","author":"NB Watts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watts NB, Leslie WD, Foldes AJ, Miller PD (2013) 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference: Task Force on Normative Databases. J Clin Densitom 16:472\u2013481","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"6623_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","volume":"25","author":"F Cosman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, Lewiecki EM, Tanner B, Randall S, Lindsay R, National Osteoporosis F (2014) Clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 25:2359\u20132381","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-017-0324-5","volume":"12","author":"J Compston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C et al (2017) UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 12:43","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"6623_CR34","unstructured":"CLSA (2016) Standing height and weight measurement. Version 2.3 Standard Operating Procedure number SOP_DCS_0006. ed 2016"},{"key":"6623_CR35","unstructured":"Raina P WC, Kirkland S Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) - full protocol. CLSA_CoP_Combined Protocol_V3.0_FINAL edn, p 128"},{"key":"6623_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000722","volume":"32","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Dennison E, Prieto-Alhambra D (2020) Osteoporosis epidemiology using international cohorts. Curr Opin Rheumatol 32:387\u2013393","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6623_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.04.008","volume":"77","author":"P Kannus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kannus P, Niemi S, Parkkari J, Sievanen H (2018) Continuously declining incidence of hip fracture in Finland: analysis of nationwide database in 1970\u20132016. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 77:64\u201367","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"6623_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3650-3","volume":"27","author":"RY van der Velde","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Velde RY, Wyers CE, Curtis EM, Geusens P, van den Bergh JPW, de Vries F, Cooper C, van Staa TP, Harvey NC (2016) Secular trends in fracture incidence in the UK between 1990 and 2012. Osteoporos Int 27:3197\u20133206","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-04839-5","volume":"30","author":"EL Yong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yong EL, Ganesan G, Kramer MS, Logan S, Lau TC, Cauley JA, Tan KB (2019) Hip fractures in Singapore: ethnic differences and temporal trends in the new millennium. Osteoporos Int 30:879\u2013886","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05906-6","volume":"32","author":"SR Pekonen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pekonen SR, Kopra J, Kroger H, Rikkonen T, Sund R (2021) Regional and gender-specific analyses give new perspectives for secular trend in hip fracture incidence. Osteoporos Int 32:1725\u20131733","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6623_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-013-0136-1","volume":"8","author":"E Hernlund","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergard M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, McCloskey EV, Jonsson B, Kanis JA (2013) Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos 8:136","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"6623_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1863","volume":"28","author":"S Jean","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jean S, O\u2019Donnell S, Lagace C et al (2013) Trends in hip fracture rates in Canada: an age-period-cohort analysis. J Bone Miner Res 28:1283\u20131289","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-022-06623-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-022-06623-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-022-06623-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T17:46:46Z","timestamp":1674496006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-022-06623-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["6623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-022-06623-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"N Hassanabadi, SN Morin, C Berger, E Rahme, WD Leslie and D Goltzman declare they have no conflict of interests. A Papaioannou has received grants and honoraria from Amgen. AM Cheung has received honoraria from Amgen and Paladin.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}