{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T08:47:28Z","timestamp":1793782048086,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-07012-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T20:26:37Z","timestamp":1705436797000},"page":"469-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Vandenput","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0177-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene V.","family":"McCloskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enwu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Schini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina E.","family":"\u00c5kesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Azagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilie L.","family":"Bager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Beaudart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike A.","family":"Bischoff-Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Biver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bruy\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane A.","family":"Cauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline R.","family":"Center","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Chapurlat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn J.","family":"Crandall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. P.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bess","family":"Dawson-Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Diez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa B.","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Eisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra J. M.","family":"Elders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeko","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus-Christian","family":"Gl\u00fcer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inbal","family":"Goldshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Goltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilmundur","family":"Gudnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary J.","family":"Hollick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn","family":"Huisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Iki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Ish-Shalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus K.","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundeep","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Kiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woon-Puay","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fjorda","family":"Koromani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Kotowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Kr\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnulf","family":"Langhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagher","family":"Larijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Lippuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona E. A.","family":"McGuigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Merlijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuan V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nordstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nordstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence W.","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Obermayer-Pietsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Pasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rivadeneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Schott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Shiroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Siggeirsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor M.","family":"Simonsick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Sornay-Rendu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Sund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin M. A.","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Szulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Torgerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasja M.","family":"van Schoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjeerd P.","family":"van Staa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Wareham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole C.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Carola","family":"Zillikens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zwart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Lorentzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3129-4326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Kanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"7012_CR1","first-page":"9","volume":"5","author":"A Morrison","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morrison A, Fan T, Sen SS, Weisenfluh L (2013) Epidemiology of falls and osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review. ClinicoEcon Outcomes Res 5:9\u201318","journal-title":"ClinicoEcon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"7012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/30.suppl_4.3","volume":"30","author":"T Masud","year":"2001","unstructured":"Masud T, Morris RO (2001) Epidemiology of falls. Age Ageing 30(Suppl 4):3\u20137","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"7012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garnett MF, Weeks JD, Spencer MR (2022) Unintentional fall deaths among adults aged 65 and over: United States, 2020. NCHS Data Brief. Nov;(449):1\u20138","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:121836"},{"issue":"2","key":"7012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10101406","volume":"259","author":"MJ Henry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Henry MJ, Pasco JA, Merriman EN, Zhang Y, Sanders KM, Kotowicz MA (2011) Nicholson GC (2011) Fracture risk score and absolute risk of fracture. Radiology 259(2):495\u2013501","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"7012_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556001","volume":"45","author":"P Gardsell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gardsell P, Johnell O, Nilsson BE, Nilsson JA (1989) The predictive value of fracture, disease, and falling tendency for fragility fractures in women. Calcif Tissue Int 45:327\u2013330","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"7012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503233321202","volume":"332","author":"SR Cummings","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, Cauley J, Black D, Vogt TM (1995) Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med 332:767\u2013773","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)01440-7","volume":"348","author":"P Dargent-Molina","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dargent-Molina P, Favier F, Grandjean H, Baudoin C, Schott AM, Hausherr E, Meunier PJ, Breart G (1996) Fall-related factors and risk of hip fracture: the EPIDOS prospective study. Lancet 348:145\u2013149","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00919-5","volume":"32","author":"G Albrand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albrand G, Munoz F, Sornay-Rendu E, DuBoeuf F, Delmas PD (2003) Independent predictors of all osteoporosis-related fractures in healthy postmenopausal women: the OFELY study. Bone 32:78\u201385","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"7012_CR9","first-page":"101","volume":"9","author":"P Geusens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Geusens P, Milisen K, Dejaeger E, Boonen S (2003) Falls and fractures in postmenopausal women: a review. J Br Menopause Soc 9:101\u2013106","journal-title":"J Br Menopause Soc"},{"key":"7012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.11.012","volume":"36","author":"S Kaptoge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaptoge S, Benevolenskaya LI, Bhalla AK, Cannata JB, Boonen S, Falch JA, Felsenberg D, Finn JD, Nuti R, Hoszowski K, Lorenc R, Miazgowski T, Jajic I, Lyritis G, Masaryk P, Naves-Diaz M, Poor G, Reid DM, Scheidt-Nave C, Stepan JJ, Todd CJ, Weber K, Woolf AD, Roy DK, Lunt M, Pye SR, O\u2019Neill TW, Silman AJ, Reeve J (2005) Low BMD is less predictive than reported falls for future limb fractures in women across Europe: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study. Bone 36:387\u2013398","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"7012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wainwright SA, Marshall LM, Ensrud KE, Cauley JA, Black DM, Hillier TA, Hochberg MC, Vogt MT, Orwoll ES, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group (2005) Hip fracture in women without osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2787-2793","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1568"},{"key":"7012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0290-z","volume":"18","author":"PN Sambrook","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sambrook PN, Cameron ID, Chen JS, Cumming RG, Lord SR, March LM, Schwarz J, Seibel MJ, Simpson JM (2007) Influence of fall related factors and bone strength on fracture risk in the frail elderly. Osteoporos Int 18:603\u2013610","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1575-4","volume":"23","author":"M Frost","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frost M, Abrahamsen B, Masud T, Brixen K (2012) Risk factors for fracture in elderly men: a population-based prospective study. Osteoporos Int 23:521\u2013531","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4134-9","volume":"28","author":"M Hoff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoff M, Meyer HE, Skurtveit S, Langhammer A, Sogaard AJ, Syversen U, Dhainaut A, Skovlund E, Abrahamsen B, Schei B (2017) Validation of FRAX and the impact of self-reported falls among elderly in a general population: the HUNT study, Norway. Osteoporos Int 28:2935\u20132944","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4103-3","volume":"28","author":"D Weycker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Barron R, Atwood M, Oster G, Crittenden DB, Grauer A (2017) Predictors of near-term fracture in osteoporotic women aged >\/=65 years, based on data from the study of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 28:2565\u20132571","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-019-0598-x","volume":"14","author":"JD Adachi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adachi JD, Berger C, Barron R, Weycker D, Anastassiades TP, Davison KS, Hanley DA, Ioannidis G, Jackson SA, Josse RG, Kaiser SM, Kovacs CS, Leslie WD, Morin SN, Papaioannou A, Prior JC, Shyta E, Silvia A, Towheed T, Goltzman D (2019) Predictors of imminent non-vertebral fracture in elderly women with osteoporosis, low bone mass, or a history of fracture, based on data from the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Arch Osteoporos 14:53","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"7012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05294-3","volume":"31","author":"RL Barron","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barron RL, Oster G, Grauer A, Crittenden DB, Weycker D (2020) Determinants of imminent fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 31:2103\u20132111","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00784-7","volume":"15","author":"AA Yusuf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yusuf AA, Hu Y, Chandler D, Crittenden DB, Barron RL (2020) Predictors of imminent risk of fracture in Medicare-enrolled men and women. Arch Osteoporos 15:120","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"7012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4432","volume":"37","author":"L Iconaru","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iconaru L, Charles A, Baleanu F, Surquin M, Benoit F, Mugisha A, Moreau M, Paesmans M, Karmali R, Rubinstein M, Rozenberg S, Body JJ, Bergmann P (2022) Prediction of an imminent fracture after an index fracture - models derived from the frisbee cohort. J Bone Miner Res 37:59\u201367","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7012_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim KM, Lui LY, Cummings SR (2022) Recent fall and high imminent risk of fracture in older men and women. Age Ageing 51:afac141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afac141","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac141"},{"key":"7012_CR21","unstructured":"Kanis JA on behalf of the World Health Organization Scientific Group (2007) Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health care level. Technical Report. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, UK. Available at: http:\/\/www.shef.ac.uk\/FRAX\/index.htm. Accessed 31 May 2023"},{"key":"7012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C, Baim S, Bilezikian JP, Binkley N, Cauley JA, Compston JE, Dawson-Hughes B, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Johansson H, Leslie WD, Lewiecki EM, Luckey M, Oden A, Papapoulos SE, Poiana C, Rizzoli R, Wahl DA, McCloskey EV, Task Force of the FI (2011) Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 22:2395-2411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1713-z"},{"key":"7012_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.05.010","volume":"14","author":"T Masud","year":"2011","unstructured":"Masud T, Binkley N, Boonen S, Hannan MT, Members FPDC (2011) Official Positions for FRAX(R) clinical regarding falls and frailty: can falls and frailty be used in FRAX(R)? From Joint Official Positions Development Conference of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation on FRAX(R). J Clin Densitom 14:194\u2013204","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"7012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0588-0","volume":"19","author":"ND Nguyen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nguyen ND, Frost SA, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV (2008) Development of prognostic nomograms for individualizing 5-year and 10-year fracture risks. Osteoporos Int 19:1431\u20131444","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3427","volume":"344","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2012) Derivation and validation of updated QFracture algorithm to predict risk of osteoporotic fracture in primary care in the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ 344:e3427","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"7012_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD, Zippel H, Bensen WG, Roux C, Adami S, Fogelman I, Diamond T, Eastell R, Meunier PJ, Reginster JY, Hip Intervention Program Study G (2001) Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. N Engl J Med 344:333-340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440503"},{"key":"7012_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3331","volume":"33","author":"NC Harvey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harvey NC, Oden A, Orwoll E, Lapidus J, Kwok T, Karlsson MK, Rosengren BE, Ljunggren O, Cooper C, McCloskey E, Kanis JA, Ohlsson C, Mellstrom D, Johansson H (2018) Falls predict fractures independently of FRAX probability: a meta-analysis of the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study. J Bone Miner Res 33:510\u2013516","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05106-3","volume":"30","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Morin SN, Lix LM, Martineau P, Bryanton M, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Kanis JA (2019) Fracture prediction from self-reported falls in routine clinical practice: a registry-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int 30:2195\u20132203","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.13.1729","volume":"290","author":"JA Cauley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, Cummings SR, Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, LeBoff M, Lewis CE, McGowan J, Neuner J, Pettinger M, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Watts NB, Women\u2019s Health Initiative I (2003) Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 290:1729\u20131738","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7012_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06483-y","volume":"33","author":"M Lorentzon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lorentzon M, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Liu E, Vandenput L, Crandall CJ, Cauley JA, LeBoff MS, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA (2022) Menopausal hormone therapy reduces the risk of fracture regardless of falls risk or baseline FRAX probability-results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative hormone therapy trials. Osteoporos Int 33:2297\u20132305","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0942-x","volume":"20","author":"K Kayan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kayan K, Johansson H, Oden A, Vasireddy S, Pande K, Orgee J, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV (2009) Can fall risk be incorporated into fracture risk assessment algorithms: a pilot study of responsiveness to clodronate. Osteoporos Int 20:2055\u20132061","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12901","volume":"286","author":"IR Reid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reid IR, Horne AM, Mihov B, Stewart A, Garratt E, Wiessing KR, Bolland MJ, Bastin S, Gamble GD (2019) Anti-fracture efficacy of zoledronate in subgroups of osteopenic postmenopausal women: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Intern Med 286:221\u2013229","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"7012_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Freyst\u00e4tter G, Vellas B, Dawson-Hughes B, Kressig RW, Kanis JA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rizzoli R, Theiler R, Hofbauer LC, Armbrecht G, da Silva JAP, Blauth M, de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino C, Lang W, Siebert U, Egli A, Orav EJ, Wieczorek M; DO-HEALTH Research Group. (2022) Effects of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and a simple home strength exercise program on fall prevention: the DO-HEALTH randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 115(5):1311\u20131321","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac022"},{"key":"7012_CR34","first-page":"149","volume":"46","author":"R Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao R, Feng F, Wang X (2017) Exercise interventions and prevention of fall-related fractures in older people: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Epidemiol 46:149\u2013161","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7012_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.8422","volume":"6","author":"JE N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2023","unstructured":"N\u00f8rgaard JE, Andersen S, Ryg J, Stevenson AJT, Andreasen J, Oliveira AS, Danielsen MB, Jorgensen MG (2023) Effect of treadmill perturbation-based balance training on fall rates in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 6(4):e238422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.8422","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"7012_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015394","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.1015394","volume":"4","author":"C McCrum","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCrum C, Bhatt TS, Gerards MHG, Karamanidis K, Rogers MW, Lord SR, Okubo Y (2022) Perturbation-based balance training: principles, mechanisms and implementation in clinical practice. Front Sports Act Living. 4:1015394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2022.1015394","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living."},{"key":"7012_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gill TM, Pahor M, Guralnik JM, McDermott MM, King AC, Buford TW, Strotmeyer ES, Nelson ME, Sink KM, Demons JL, Kashaf SS, Walkup MP, Miller ME; LIFE Study Investigators (2016) Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of serious fall injuries in adults aged 70-89: randomized clinical trial (LIFE Study). BMJ 352:i245","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i245"},{"key":"7012_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cameron ID, Dyer SM, Panagoda CE, Murray GR, Hill KD, Cumming RG, Kerse N (2018) Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD005465","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005465.pub4"},{"key":"7012_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopewell S, Adedire O, Copsey BJ, Boniface GJ, Sherrington C, Clemson L, Close JC, Lamb SE (2018) Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD012221","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012221.pub2"},{"key":"7012_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002183","volume":"383","author":"S Bhasin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhasin S, Gill TM, Reuben DB, Latham NK, Ganz DA, Greene EJ, Dziura J, Basaria S, Gurwitz JH, Dykes PC, McMahon S, Storer TW, Gazarian P, Miller ME, Travison TG, Esserman D, Carnie MB, Goehring L, Fagan M, Greenspan SL, Alexander N, Wiggins J, Ko F, Siu AL, Volpi E, Wu AW, Rich J, Waring SC, Wallace RB, Casteel C, Resnick NM, Magaziner J, Charpentier P, Lu C, Araujo K, Rajeevan H, Meng C, Allore H, Brawley BF, Eder R, McGloin JM, Skokos EA, Duncan PW, Baker D, Boult C, Correa-de-Araujo R, Peduzzi P, Investigators ST (2020) A randomized trial of a multifactorial strategy to prevent serious fall injuries. N Engl J Med 383:129\u2013140","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7012_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamb SE, Bruce J, Hossain A, Ji C, Longo R, Lall R, Bojke C, Hulme C, Withers E, Finnegan S, Sheridan R, Willett K, Underwood M, Prevention of Fall Injury Trial Study G (2020) Screening and intervention to prevent falls and fractures in older people. N Engl J Med 383:1848-1859","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001500"},{"key":"7012_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17964","volume":"70","author":"DA Ganz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ganz DA, Yuan AH, Greene EJ, Latham NK, Araujo K, Siu AL, Magaziner J, Gurwitz JH, Wu AW, Alexander NB, Wallace RB, Greenspan SL, Rich J, Volpi E, Waring SC, Dykes PC, Ko F, Resnick NM, McMahon SK, Basaria S, Wang R, Lu C, Esserman D, Dziura J, Miller ME, Travison TG, Peduzzi P, Bhasin S, Reuben DB, Gill TM (2022) Effect of the STRIDE fall injury prevention intervention on falls, fall injuries, and health-related quality of life. J Am Geriatr Soc 70:3221\u20133229","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"7012_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemson L, Stark S, Pighills AC, Fairhall NJ, Lamb SE, Ali J, Sherrington C (2023) Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD013258","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013258.pub2"},{"key":"7012_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06435-6","volume":"33","author":"L Vandenput","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vandenput L, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Liu E, Akesson KE, Anderson FA, Azagra R, Bager CL, Beaudart C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Biver E, Bruyere O, Cauley JA, Center JR, Chapurlat R, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Crandall CJ, Cummings SR, da Silva JAP, Dawson-Hughes B, Diez-Perez A, Dufour AB, Eisman JA, Elders PJM, Ferrari S, Fujita Y, Fujiwara S, Gluer CC, Goldshtein I, Goltzman D, Gudnason V, Hall J, Hans D, Hoff M, Hollick RJ, Huisman M, Iki M, Ish-Shalom S, Jones G, Karlsson MK, Khosla S, Kiel DP, Koh WP, Koromani F, Kotowicz MA, Kroger H, Kwok T, Lamy O, Langhammer A, Larijani B, Lippuner K, Mellstrom D, Merlijn T, Nordstrom A, Nordstrom P, O\u2019Neill TW, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ohlsson C, Orwoll ES, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Schei B, Schott AM, Shiroma EJ, Siggeirsdottir K, Simonsick EM, Sornay-Rendu E, Sund R, Swart KMA, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Torgerson DJ, van Schoor NM, van Staa TP, Vila J, Wareham NJ, Wright NC, Yoshimura N, Zillikens MC, Zwart M, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Leslie WD, Kanis JA (2022) Update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX: a systematic review of potential cohorts and analysis plan. Osteoporos Int 33:2103\u20132136","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170112","volume":"12","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Jonsson B, de Laet C, Dawson A (2001) The burden of osteoporotic fractures: a method for setting intervention thresholds. Osteoporos Int 12:417\u2013427","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050093","volume":"8","author":"AC Looker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP, Johnston CC Jr, Lindsay R (1998) Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int 8:468\u2013489","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170087","volume":"12","author":"Y Lu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lu Y, Fuerst T, Hui S, Genant HK (2001) Standardization of bone mineral density at femoral neck, trochanter and Ward\u2019s triangle. Osteoporos Int 12:438\u2013444","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR48","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE (1987) Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume II--the design and analysis of cohort studies. IARC Sci Publ 1\u2013406"},{"key":"7012_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3951","volume":"101","author":"K Albertsson-Wikland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albertsson-Wikland K, Martensson A, Savendahl L, Niklasson A, Bang P, Dahlgren J, Gustafsson J, Kristrom B, Norgren S, Pehrsson NG, Oden A (2016) Mortality Is not increased in recombinant human growth hormone-treated patients when adjusting for birth characteristics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:2149\u20132159","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7012_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327:557\u2013560","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"27","key":"7012_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927a5","volume":"69","author":"B Moreland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moreland B, Kakara R, Henry A (2020) Trends in nonfatal falls and fall-related injuries among adults aged \u2265 65 years - United States, 2012\u20132018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69(27):875\u2013881","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"7012_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langsetmo L, Schousboe JT, Taylor BC, Cauley JA, Fink HA, Cawthon PM, Stefanick ML, Kado DM, Kats AM, Ensrud KE, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Research Group (2022) Characteristics associated with 5-year fracture risk vs. 5-year mortality risk among late-life men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 78:683-689","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac159"},{"key":"7012_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06633-2","volume":"34","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Vandenput L, Morin S, Leslie WD, McCloskey EV (2023) Adjusting conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the number of prior falls in the preceding year. Osteoporos Int 34:479\u2013487","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7012_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schini M, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV (2023) An overview of the use of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) in osteoporosis.  J Endocrinol Invest Oct 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-023-02219-9. Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02219-9"},{"key":"7012_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy113","volume":"187","author":"CJ Teister","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teister CJ, Chocano-Bedoya PO, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Meyer U, Meyer OW, Freystaetter G, Gagesch M, Rizzoli R, Egli A, Theiler R, Kanis JA, Bischoff-Ferrari HA (2018) Which method of fall ascertainment captures the most falls in prefrail and frail seniors? Am J Epidemiol 187:2243\u20132251","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-026-07957-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000}}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-023-07012-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-023-07012-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-023-07012-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:33:21Z","timestamp":1790660001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-023-07012-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["7012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-023-07012-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In this article the author\u2019s name M. Carola Zillikens was incorrectly written as MCarola Zillikens.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-026-07957-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-026-07957-z","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"JA Kanis led the team that developed FRAX as director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases; he is a director of Osteopoorosis Research Ltd that maintains FRAX. EV McCloskey, WD Leslie, M Lorentzon, NC Harvey, M Schini, E Liu, L Vandenput and H Johansson are members of the FRAX team. JA Kanis, NC Harvey, and EV McCloskey are members of the advisory body to the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group. KE \u00c5kesson has no financial interest related to FRAX; chaired the National SALAR Group for Person-Centered Care Pathway Osteoporosis. FA Anderson led the team that developed GLOW, while director of the Center for Outcomes Research at the University of Massachusetts Medical School; he has no financial interest in FRAX. R Azagra has received funding for research from Instituto Carlos III of Spanish Ministry of Health, IDIAP Jordi Gol of Catalan Government and from Scientific Societies SEMFYC and SEIOMM. CL Bager is employed at Nordic Bioscience and owns stock in Nordic Bioscience. She declares no competing interests in relation to this work. HA Bischoff-Ferrari has no financial interest in FRAX. For the DO-HEALTH trial cohort, Prof. Bischoff-Ferrari reports independent and investigator-initiated grants from European Commission Framework 7 Research Program, from the University of Zurich, from NESTEC, from Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, from Streuli Pharma, plus non-financial support from DNP. For the study cohort extension, she reports independent and investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer and from Vifor. Further, Prof. Bischoff-Ferrari reports non-financial support from Roche Diagnostics and personal fees from Wild, Sandoz, Pfizer, Vifor, Mylan, Roche, Meda Pharma, outside the submitted work with regard to speaker fees and travel fees. JR Center has received honoraria for speaking at educational meetings and for advisory boards from Amgen and honoraria for an advisory board from Bayer, all unrelated to this work. R Chapurlat has no financial interest in FRAX. He has received grant funding from Amgen, UCB, Chugai, MSD, Mylan and Medac. He has received honoraria from Amgen, UCB, Chugai, Galapagos, Biocon, Abbvie, Haoma Medica, Pfizer, Amolyt, MSD, Lilly, BMS, Novartis, Arrow, PKMed, Kyowa-Kirin, and Sanofi. C Christiansen owns stock in Nordic Bioscience. He declares no competing interests in relation to this work. C Cooper reports personal fees from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Takeda and UCB. A Diez-Perez has no financial interest in FRAX, reports personal fees from Amgen, Lilly, Theramex and grants from Instituto Carlos III of the Spanish Ministry of Health and owns shares of Active Life Scientific, all outside the submitted work. JA Eisman declares consulting and research support from Actavis, Amgen, Aspen, Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier and Theramex. PJM Elders has no financial interest in FRAX. PJM Elders reports support for the SOS study by Stichting Achmea Gezondheidszorg, Achmea and VGZ zorgverzekeraar. Additional support was given by the stichting Artsenlaboratorium en Trombosedienst. Outside the submitted work, she did receive independent investigator driven grants by Zonmw, the Netherlands, de Hartstichting, the Netherlands, the European foundation for the study of Diabetes, Amgen the Netherlands, TEVA, the Netherlands and Takeda, the Netherlands. CC Gl\u00fcer reports honoraria and research support from AgNovos, Amgen, osteolabs and UCB unrelated to this work. NC Harvey has received consultancy\/lecture fees\/honoraria\/grant funding from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, MSD, Eli Lilly, Radius Health, Servier, Shire, UCB, Kyowa Kirin, Consilient Healthcare, Theramex, and Internis Pharma. DP Kiel has no financial interest in FRAX but has received support for his work in the Framingham Study over the past 32 years by the National Institutes of Health, Astra Zeneca, Merck, Amgen, and Radius Health. MA Kotowicz has received funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia, and the Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) Australia and Amgen. He has served on advisory boards for Amgen Australia, Novartic and Eli Lilly\u2014all unrelated to this work. M Lorentzon has received lecture fees from Amgen, Lilly, Meda, Renapharma and UCB Pharma and consulting fees from Amgen, Radius Health, UCB Pharma, Renapharma, Parexel International, and Consilient Health, all outside the presented work. EV McCloskey has received consultancy\/lecture fees\/grant funding\/honoraria from AgNovos, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Consilient Healthcare, Fresenius Kabi, Gilead, GSK, Hologic, Internis, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, ObsEva, Pfizer, Radius Health, Redx Oncology, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, UCB, ViiV, Warner Chilcott and I3 Innovus. C Ohlsson is listed as a coinventor on two patent applications regarding probiotics in osteoporosis treatment. TW O\u2019Neill reports honoraria from UCB unrelated to this work. ES Orwoll reports consulting fees from Amgen, Biocon, Radius, and Bayer, and research support from Mereo. JA Pasco has received funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia, and the Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) Australia, and Amgen, all unrelated to this work. M Schini received funding for her fellowship from the Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing, from the Osteoporosis 2000 support group and from Roche Diagnostics and honoraria from MA Health care and Kyowa Kirin\u2014all unrelated to this work. KMA Swart is an employee of the PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research. This independent research institute performs financially supported studies for government and related healthcare authorities and several pharmaceutical companies. NC Wright sits on the Board of Trustee of the US Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation, and has received consulting fees from Radius and ArgenX. MC Zillikens has received honoraria in the past for lectures or advice from Alexion, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, Shire and UCB, unrelated to the current work. M Zwart has received research funding from national societies (SEMFYC and SEIOMM). C Beaudart, E Biver, O Bruy\u00e8re, JA Cauley, CJ Crandall, SR Cummings, JAP da Silva, B Dawson-Huges, AB Dufour, S Ferrari, Y Fujita, S Fujiwara, I Goldshtein, D Goltzman, V Gudnason, J Hall, D Hans, M Hoff, RJ Hollick, M Huisman, M Iki, S Ish-Shalom, H Johansson, G Jones, MK Karlsson, S Khosla, W\u2013P Koh, F Koromani, H Kr\u00f6ger, T Kwok, O Lamy, A Langhammer, B Larijani, WD Leslie, K Lippuner, E Liu, FEA Mcguigan, D Mellstr\u00f6m, T Merlijn, T Nguyen, A Nordstr\u00f6m, P Nordstr\u00f6m, B Obermayer-Pietsch, F Rivadeneira, A-M Schott, EJ Shiroma, K Sigeirsdottir, EM Simonsick, E Sornay-Rendu, R Sund, P Szulc, J Tamaki, DJ Torgerson, L Vandenput, NM van Schoor, TP van Staa, J Vila, NJ Wareham, and N Yoshimura declare no competing interests in relation to this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study does not contain any original studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human and animal rights","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All individual cohorts with candidate risk factors available have been approved by their local ethics committees and informed consent has been obtained from all study participants. General ethics approval for the use of these cohorts is also given by the University of Sheffield. Participant data will be stored in coded, de-identified form. Only summary statistics and aggregate data is published, not allowing for identification of individual study participants. All individual cohorts with candidate risk factors available have been approved by their local ethics committees and informed consent has been obtained from all study participants. General ethics approval for the use of these cohorts is also given by the University of Sheffield.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The results and conclusions are those of the authors and no official endorsement by the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Manitoba Health, Seniors and Active Living, or other data providers is intended or should be inferred.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosure","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}