{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:22:35Z","timestamp":1793420555098,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07806-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:01:19Z","timestamp":1765450879000},"page":"223-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative effects of lumbar spine bone area from DXA on trabecular bone score and bone mineral density: the Manitoba BMD Registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1056-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William D.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Schousboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Binkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7806_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.001","volume":"42","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A, Melton LJ 3rd, Khaltaev N (2008) A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone 42(3):467\u2013475","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"15","key":"7806_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.15.1889","volume":"288","author":"SR Cummings","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cummings SR, Bates D, Black DM (2002) Clinical use of bone densitometry: scientific review. JAMA 288(15):1889\u20131897","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7041","key":"7806_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1254","volume":"312","author":"D Marshall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H (1996) Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ 312(7041):1254\u20131259","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"7806_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050304","volume":"20","author":"O Johnell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Delmas P et al (2005) Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res 20(7):1185\u201394","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7806_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3814-1","volume":"28","author":"M Garcia-Hoyos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Hoyos M, Garcia-Unzueta MT, de Luis D, Valero C, Riancho JA (2017) Diverging results of areal and volumetric bone mineral density in Down syndrome. Osteoporos Int 28(3):965\u201372","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"7806_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1402-7","volume":"14","author":"EM Lau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lau EM, Lynn H, Woo J, Melton LJ (2003) Areal and volumetric bone density in Hong Kong Chinese: a comparison with Caucasians living in the United States. Osteoporos Int 14(7):583\u20138","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"7806_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-003-0479-6","volume":"22","author":"EY Liao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liao EY, Wu XP, Liao HJ, Zhang H, Peng J (2004) Effects of skeletal size of the lumbar spine on areal bone density, volumetric bone density, and the diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in China. J Bone Miner Metab 22(3):270\u2013277","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"7806_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070204","volume":"7","author":"DR Carter","year":"1992","unstructured":"Carter DR, Bouxsein ML, Marcus R (1992) New approaches for interpreting projected bone densitometry data. J Bone Miner Res 7(2):137\u2013145","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"7806_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100715","volume":"10","author":"M Jergas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jergas M, Breitenseher M, Gluer CC, Yu W, Genant HK (1995) Estimates of volumetric bone density from projectional measurements improve the discriminatory capability of dual X-ray absorptiometry. J Bone Miner Res 10(7):1101\u20131110","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"7806_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900137","volume":"59","author":"PD Ross","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ross PD, He Y, Yates AJ, Coupland C, Ravn P, McClung M et al (1996) Body size accounts for most differences in bone density between Asian and Caucasian women. Calcif Tissue Int 59(5):339\u201343","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"7806_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111023","volume":"11","author":"GS Bhudhikanok","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bhudhikanok GS, Wang MC, Eckert K, Matkin C, Marcus R, Bachrach LK (1996) Differences in bone mineral in young Asian and Caucasian Americans may reflect differences in bone size. J Bone Miner Res 11(10):1545\u20131556","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"7806_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.7.1291","volume":"16","author":"AC Looker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Looker AC, Beck TJ, Orwoll ES (2001) Does body size account for gender differences in femur bone density and geometry? J Bone Miner Res 16(7):1291\u20131299","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"7806_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050093","volume":"8","author":"AC Looker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP et al (1998) Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int 8(5):468\u2013489","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7806_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Achenbach SJ, O\u2019Connor MK, O\u2019Fallon WM, Riggs BL (2000) Effects of body size and skeletal site on the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in women and men. Osteoporos Int 11(11):977\u2013983","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070037"},{"issue":"11","key":"7806_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4242","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01327","volume":"102","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Lix LM, Majumdar SR, Morin SN, Johansson H, Oden A et al (2017) Total hip bone area affects fracture prediction with FRAX(R) in Canadian White women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(11):4242\u20134249","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"7806_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.10.1796","volume":"14","author":"Y Duan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Duan Y, Parfitt A, Seeman E (1999) Vertebral bone mass, size, and volumetric density in women with spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res 14(10):1796\u20131802","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"7806_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2276","volume":"16","author":"Y Duan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Duan Y, Seeman E, Turner CH (2001) The biomechanical basis of vertebral body fragility in men and women. J Bone Miner Res 16(12):2276\u20132283","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"7806_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090915","volume":"9","author":"SR Cummings","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cummings SR, Marcus R, Palermo L, Ensrud KE, Genant HK (1994) Does estimating volumetric bone density of the femoral neck improve the prediction of hip fracture? A prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 9(9):1429\u20131432","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7806_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1462-8","volume":"15","author":"JA Cauley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Wisniewski SR, Krishnaswami S, Palermo L, Stone KL et al (2004) Bone mineral density and prevalent vertebral fractures in men and women. Osteoporos Int 15(1):32\u20137","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"7806_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06817-4","volume":"34","author":"E Shevroja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shevroja E, Reginster JY, Lamy O, Al-Daghri N, Chandran M, Demoux-Baiada AL et al (2023) Update on the clinical use of trabecular bone score (TBS) in the management of osteoporosis: results of an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) under the auspices of WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging. Osteoporos Int 34(9):1501\u20131529","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"7806_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2023.101452","volume":"27","author":"H Goel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goel H, Binkley N, Boggild M, Chan WP, Leslie WD, McCloskey E et al (2024) Clinical Use of Trabecular Bone Score: The 2023 ISCD Official Positions. J Clin Densitom 27(1):101452","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"4","key":"7806_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2024.07.001","volume":"53","author":"EM Lewiecki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lewiecki EM (2024) Utility of trabecular bone score in the management of patients with osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 53(4):547\u2013557","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"7806_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarenga PPM, Silva BC, Diniz MP, Leite MB, da Silva CAM, de Cassia Mendes Eleuterio J et al (2019) Trabecular bone score: a useful clinical tool for the evaluation of skeletal health in women of short stature. Endocrine 66(2):398\u2013404","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02002-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"7806_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:6:3:275","volume":"6","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Metge C (2003) Establishing a regional bone density program: lessons from the Manitoba experience. J Clin Densitom 6(3):275\u2013282","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"1","key":"7806_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2023.01.001","volume":"26","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Hans D, Silva BC (2023) Fracture prediction from trabecular bone score is unaffected by anti-resorptive treatment: a registry-based cohort study. J Clin Densitom 26(1):10\u201315","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"1","key":"7806_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2022.12.002","volume":"26","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Hans D (2023) Trabecular bone score (TBS) cross-calibration for GE Prodigy and IDXA scanners. J Clin Densitom 26(1):56\u201360","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"7806_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisson EJ, Finlayson ML, Ekuma O, Marrie RA, Leslie WD (2019) Accuracy of FRAX(R) in people with multiple sclerosis. J Bone Miner Res 34(6):1095\u20131100","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3682"},{"issue":"8","key":"7806_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3726","volume":"34","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Morin SN, Lix LM, Niraula S, McCloskey EV, Johansson H et al (2019) Performance of FRAX in women with breast cancer initiating aromatase inhibitor therapy: a registry-based cohort study. J Bone Miner Res 34(8):1428\u201335","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7806_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-301","volume":"12","author":"LM Lix","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lix LM, Azimaee M, Osman BA, Caetano P, Morin S, Metge C et al (2012) Osteoporosis-related fracture case definitions for population-based administrative data. BMC Public Health 12:301","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7806_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00980-z","volume":"16","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Epp R, Morin SN, Lix LM (2021) Assessment of site-specific X-ray procedure codes for fracture ascertainment: a registry-based cohort study. Arch Osteoporos 16(1):107","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"issue":"5","key":"7806_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2734","volume":"31","author":"EV McCloskey","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCloskey EV, Oden A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H et al (2016) A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Miner Res 31(5):940\u20138","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"7806_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3550-6","volume":"27","author":"AC Looker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Looker AC, Sarafrazi Isfahani N, Fan B, Shepherd JA (2016) Trabecular bone scores and lumbar spine bone mineral density of US adults: comparison of relationships with demographic and body size variables. Osteoporos Int 27(8):2467\u20132475","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"7806_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae073","volume":"39","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Binkley N, Schousboe JT, Silva BC, Hans D (2024) Effect of abdominal tissue thickness on trabecular bone score and fracture risk in adults with diabetes: the Manitoba BMD Registry. J Bone Miner Res 39(7):877\u2013884","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"7806_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3851","volume":"34","author":"E Shevroja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shevroja E, Aubry-Rozier B, Hans G, Gonzalez- Rodriguez E, Stoll D, Lamy O et al (2019) Clinical performance of the updated trabecular bone score (TBS) algorithm, which accounts for the soft tissue thickness: the OsteoLaus Study. J Bone Miner Res 34(12):2229\u201337","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"7806_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07421-4","volume":"36","author":"G Gatineau","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gatineau G, Hind K, Shevroja E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Lamy O, Hans D (2025) Advancing trabecular bone score (TBS): clinical performance of TBS version 4.0 with direct correction for soft tissue thickness-the osteolaus study. Osteoporos Int 36(4):715\u2013724","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07806-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07806-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07806-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:37:46Z","timestamp":1769510266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07806-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["7806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07806-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"William Leslie, John Schousboe: no conflicts of interest.Neil Binkley: nothing to declare for the context of this paper, but has received research support (paid to institution) from Radius and GE Healthcare.Dider Hans: co-ownership in the TBS patent. Stock options or royalties: Medimaps Group.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}