{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:13:37Z","timestamp":1779293617162,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07837-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:16:20Z","timestamp":1769508980000},"page":"801-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bisphosphonate treatment for secondary osteoporosis in children, youth, and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-5307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moonbae","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanne M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"7837_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4158\/ep.12.4.436","volume":"12","author":"SE Painter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Painter SE, Kleerekoper M, Camacho PM (2006) Secondary osteoporosis: a review of the recent evidence. Endocr Pract 12:436\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/ep.12.4.436","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"7837_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X20969262","volume":"12","author":"SD Sakka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sakka SD, Cheung MS (2020) Management of primary and secondary osteoporosis in children. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 12:1759720X2096926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1759720X20969262","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"7837_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10101","volume":"32","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Emborg C, St\u00f8ving RK et al (2002) Fractures in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders\u2014a nationwide register study. Intl J Eating Disorders 32:301\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.10101","journal-title":"Intl J Eating Disorders"},{"key":"7837_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.4065\/74.10.972","volume":"74","author":"AR Lucas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lucas AR, Melton LJ, Crowson CS, O\u2019Fallon WM (1999) Long-term fracture risk among women with anorexia nervosa: a population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 74:972\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/74.10.972","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"7837_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1202619","volume":"366","author":"M Whitaker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Whitaker M, Guo J, Kehoe T, Benson G (2012) Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis \u2014 where do we go from here? N Engl J Med 366:2048\u20132051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp1202619","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7837_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005324.pub2","author":"L Ward","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ward L, Tricco A, Phuong PN et al (2007) Bisphosphonate therapy for children and adolescents with secondary osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005324.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"7837_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5222","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab458","volume":"106","author":"LM Ward","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ward LM, Choudhury A, Alos N et al (2021) Zoledronic acid vs placebo in pediatric glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106:e5222\u2013e5235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab458","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7837_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.06.004","volume":"12","author":"M Rooney","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rooney M, Bishop N, Davidson J et al (2019) The prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteopaenia in juvenile rheumatic disease: a randomised double-blind controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 12:79\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.06.004","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"7837_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.04.001","volume":"41","author":"GL Klein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klein GL, Herndon DN, Le PT et al (2015) The effect of burn on serum concentrations of sclerostin and FGF23. Burns 41(7):1532\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2015.04.001","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"7837_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182a11d0c","volume":"33","author":"BD Hobby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hobby BD, Dominguez-Bartmess S, Szalay EA (2013) Prevention of postoperative osteopenia using IV pamidronate: a pilot study. J Pediatr Orthop 33:763\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182a11d0c","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"7837_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.645562","volume":"28","author":"T Iwasaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iwasaki T, Nonoda Y, Ishii M (2012) Long-term outcomes of children and adolescents who had cerebral palsy with secondary osteoporosis. Curr Med Res Opin 28:737\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1185\/03007995.2011.645562","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"7837_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2010.03174.x","volume":"52","author":"AM Sbrocchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sbrocchi AM, Forget S, Laforte D et al (2010) Zoledronic acid for the treatment of osteopenia in pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease. Pediatr Int 52:754\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2010.03174.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"7837_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02571.x","volume":"50","author":"T Iwasaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iwasaki T, Takei K, Nakamura S et al (2008) Secondary osteoporosis in long-term bedridden patients with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Int 50:269\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02571.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"7837_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041232","volume":"20","author":"D Gatti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gatti D, Antoniazzi F, Prizzi R et al (2005) Intravenous neridronate in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: a randomized controlled study. J Bone Miner Res 20:758\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/JBMR.041232","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7837_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li M,\u00a0 Xia W-b,\u00a0 Xing\u00a0X-p et al (2011) Benefit of infusions with ibandronate treatment in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Chin Med J 124:3049\u20133053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2011.19.017","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2011.19.017"},{"key":"7837_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02179-1","volume":"39","author":"A Moretti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moretti A, Liguori S, Paoletta M et al (2022) Effectiveness of neridronate in the management of bone loss in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: results from a pilot study. Adv Ther 39:3308\u20133315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-022-02179-1","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"7837_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000365889","volume":"82","author":"GI Baroncelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S (2014) The use of bisphosphonates in pediatrics. Horm Res Paediatr 82:290\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000365889","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"7837_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0715-3","volume":"77","author":"E Marrani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marrani E, Giani T, Simonini G, Cimaz R (2017) Pediatric osteoporosis: diagnosis and treatment considerations. Drugs 77:679\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-017-0715-3","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"7837_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266986","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1266986","volume":"14","author":"LM Ward","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ward LM (2024) A practical guide to the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence. Front Endocrinol 14:1266986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1266986","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"7837_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204062232211291","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223221129163","volume":"13","author":"H Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao H, Ding Y, Yang J et al (2022) Efficacy and safety of bisphosphonates on childhood osteoporosis secondary to chronic illness or its treatment: a meta-analysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 13:20406223221129164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20406223221129163","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"7837_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070814","volume":"23","author":"J Finigan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Finigan J, Greenfield DM, Blumsohn A et al (2008) Risk factors for vertebral and nonvertebral fracture over 10 years: a population-based study in women. J Bone Miner Res 23:75\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.070814","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7837_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vs K, K P, Ramesh M, Venkatesan V (2013) The association of serum osteocalcin with the bone mineral density in post menopausal women. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research\u202f: JCDR 7:814\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/jcdr\/2013\/5370.2946","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2013\/5370.2946"},{"key":"7837_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.35.3.188","volume":"35","author":"S Tariq","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tariq S, Tariq S, Lone KP, Khaliq S (2019) Alkaline phosphatase is a predictor of bone mineral density in postmenopausal females. Pak J Med Sci 35:749\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.35.3.188","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"7837_CR24","unstructured":"Johnston BC PD (2022) Chapter 18: patient-reported outcomes. In: Higgins JPT TJ (ed) Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane"},{"key":"7837_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J et al (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"7837_CR26","unstructured":"Kim H, Ma J, Yao X et al (2021) Bisphosphonate treatment for secondary osteoporosis in children: a systematic review"},{"key":"7837_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.02.018","volume":"48","author":"D Diacinti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diacinti D, Guglielmi G (2010) Vertebral morphometry. Radiol Clin North Am 48:561\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.02.018","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"7837_CR28","first-page":"335","volume":"3","author":"HW Minne","year":"1988","unstructured":"Minne HW, Leidig G, W\u00fcster C et al (1988) A newly developed spine deformity index (SDI) to quantitate vertebral crush fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Bone Miner 3:335\u2013349","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"7837_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915","volume":"8","author":"HK Genant","year":"1993","unstructured":"Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC (1993) Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res 8:1137\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7837_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0832-7","volume":"20","author":"S Kerkeni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kerkeni S, Kolta S, Fechtenbaum J, Roux C (2009) Spinal deformity index (SDI) is a good predictor of incident vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 20:1547\u20131552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-008-0832-7","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7837_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"7837_CR32","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H, Bro\u017cek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A (2013) The GRADE handbook. Cochrane Collaboration London, UK"},{"key":"7837_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x","volume":"172","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Spiegelhalter DJ (2009) A re-evaluation of random-effects meta-analysis. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 172:137\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc"},{"key":"7837_CR34","first-page":"719","volume":"22","author":"N Mantel","year":"1959","unstructured":"Mantel N, Haenszel W (1959) Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 22:719\u2013748","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"7837_CR35","unstructured":"Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG (2021) Chapter 10: analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane"},{"key":"7837_CR36","unstructured":"JPT Higgins TL (2022) Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane"},{"key":"7837_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab302","volume":"106","author":"M Zacharin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zacharin M, Lim A, Gryllakis J et al (2021) Randomized controlled trial evaluating the use of zoledronic acid in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106:2328\u20132342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab302","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7837_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.04.195","volume":"41","author":"R Przkora","year":"2007","unstructured":"Przkora R, Herndon DN, Sherrard DJ et al (2007) Pamidronate preserves bone mass for at least 2 years following acute administration for pediatric burn injury. Bone 41:297\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2007.04.195","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"7837_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Granild-Jensen JB, Moller-Madsen B, Rackauskaite G et al (2023) Zoledronate increases bone mineral density in non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a randomized, controlled trial. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad299","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad299"},{"key":"7837_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.128207","volume":"141","author":"RC Henderson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Henderson RC, Lark RK, Kecskemethy HH et al (2002) Bisphosphonates to treat osteopenia in children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr 141:644\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mpd.2002.128207","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"7837_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2004.00191.x","volume":"8","author":"AA El-Husseini","year":"2004","unstructured":"El-Husseini AA, El-Agroudy AE, El-Sayed MF et al (2004) Treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis in renal transplant children and adolescents. Pediatr Transplant 8:357\u2013361","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"key":"7837_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1659","volume":"90","author":"NH Golden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Golden NH, Iglesias EA, Jacobson MS et al (2005) Alendronate for the treatment of osteopenia in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:3179\u20133185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2004-1659","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7837_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1731-1","volume":"16","author":"GL Klein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klein GL, Wimalawansa SJ, Kulkarni G et al (2005) The efficacy of acute administration of pamidronate on the conservation of bone mass following severe burn injury in children: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Osteoporos Int 16:631\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-004-1731-1","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"7837_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh538","volume":"44","author":"S Rudge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rudge S, Hailwood S, Horne A et al (2005) Effects of once-weekly oral alendronate on bone in children on glucocorticoid treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 44:813\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh538","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"7837_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c81","DOI":"10.1159\/000089664","volume":"102","author":"SD Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim SD, Cho BS (2006) Pamidronate therapy for preventing steroid-induced osteoporosis in children with nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 102:c81\u2013c87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000089664","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"7837_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00720.x","volume":"41","author":"JJ Brown","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown JJ, Zacharin MR (2005) Attempted randomized controlled trial of pamidronate versus calcium and calcitriol supplements for management of steroid-induced osteoporosis in children and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 41:580\u2013582","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"7837_CR47","first-page":"33","volume":"9","author":"L Lepore","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lepore L, Pennesi M, Barbi E, Pozzi R (1991) Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in juvenile chronic arthritis with disodium clodronate. Clin Exp Rheumatol 9(Suppl 6):33\u201335","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"7837_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43:9<1960::AID-ANR6>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"43","author":"ML Bianchi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bianchi ML, Cimaz R, Bardare M et al (2000) Efficacy and safety of alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in diffuse connective tissue diseases in children: a prospective multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum 43:1960\u20131966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43:9%3c1960::AID-ANR6%3e3.0.CO;2-J","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"7837_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1790-8","volume":"20","author":"PD Acott","year":"2005","unstructured":"Acott PD, Wong JA, Lang BA, Crocker JFS (2005) Pamidronate treatment of pediatric fracture patients on chronic steroid therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 20:368\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-004-1790-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7837_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200108000-00006","volume":"39","author":"JW Varni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS (2001) PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care 39:800\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-200108000-00006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"7837_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1225","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad611","volume":"109","author":"J Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma J, Siminoski K, Jaremko JL et al (2024) Vertebral body reshaping after fractures: an important index of recovery in glucocorticoid-treated children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 109:e1225\u2013e1237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad611","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7837_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4051","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2054","volume":"90","author":"LM Ward","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ward LM, Denker AE, Porras A et al (2005) Single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of alendronate 35- and 70-milligram tablets in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta type I. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4051\u20134056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2004-2054","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7837_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.09.001","volume":"33","author":"M Nakhla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakhla M, Denker AE, Connor JD et al (2011) Bioavailability and short-term tolerability of alendronate in glucocorticoid-treated children. Clin Ther 33:1516\u20131523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.09.001","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"7837_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.4065\/83.9.1032","volume":"83","author":"MT Drake","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drake MT, Clarke BL, Khosla S (2008) Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and role in clinical practice. Mayo Clin Proc 83:1032\u20131045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/83.9.1032","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"7837_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041416","volume":"12","author":"HD Rosales","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosales HD, Garcia Guevara H, Requejo S et al (2023) Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) in children and young patients-a systematic review. J Clin Med 12:1416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12041416","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7837_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.08.004","volume":"49","author":"NT Duarte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duarte NT, Rech BO, Martins IG et al (2020) Can children be affected by bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw? A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 49:183\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.08.004","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7837_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.10.014","volume":"82","author":"P Carpintero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carpintero P, Del Fresno JA, Ruiz-Sanz J et al (2015) Atypical fracture in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta. Joint Bone Spine 82(4):287\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.10.014","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"7837_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.87984","volume":"17","author":"M Sarhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarhan M, Aly M, Williams P, Humphry S (2025) Bisphosphonate-induced atypical femoral fractures in pediatric patients with lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene mutation: a case report of twin patients. Cureus 17(7):e87984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.87984","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7837_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu205","volume":"35","author":"SD Anker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anker SD, Agewall S, Borggrefe M et al (2014) The importance of patient-reported outcomes: a call for their comprehensive integration in cardiovascular clinical trials. Eur Heart J 35:2001\u20132009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu205","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"7837_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01693","volume":"104","author":"JM Kindler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kindler JM, Lappe JM, Gilsanz V et al (2019) Body size and bone density in children and adolescents: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104(7):2783\u20132794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-01693","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7837_CR61","unstructured":"International Society for Clinical Densitometry (2019) ISCD official positions \u2013 pediatric positions. Middletown, CT, USA: ISCD.\u00a0https:\/\/iscd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2019-ISCD-Pediatric-Positions.pdf"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07837-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07837-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07837-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:26:55Z","timestamp":1779290815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07837-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07837-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Leanne M. Ward has been a consultant and a member who participated in clinical trials for pediatric bone health of Novartis and Amgen. Also, the Pediatric Bone Health Clinic at the Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, where Dr. Ward works as a director, has operated grants from Novartis and Amgen. Hyunwoo Kim, Xiaomei Yao, Oliver Li, Megan Cheng, Moonbae Ahn, Jinhui Ma declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}