{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:36:19Z","timestamp":1793050579211,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-026-07855-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:33:25Z","timestamp":1780468405000},"page":"2253-2268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The gut-bone-inflammation axis: intestinal barrier disruption as a central driver of osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7855_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22081","volume":"45","author":"Y Yao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yao Y, Cai X, Chen Y, Zhang M, Zheng C (2025) Estrogen deficiency-mediated osteoimmunity in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Med Res Rev 45(2):561\u2013575","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02138-w","volume":"85","author":"N Fuggle","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fuggle N, Laslop A, Rizzoli R, Al-Daghri N, Alokail M, Balkowiec-Iskra E et al (2025) Treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in the oldest old. Drugs 85(3):343\u2013360","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"7855_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e081250","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081250","volume":"390","author":"CWS Hoong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hoong CWS, Saul D, Khosla S, Sfeir JG (2025) Advances in the management of osteoporosis. BMJ 390:e081250","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-025-00909-2","volume":"23","author":"MR Mcclung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mcclung MR (2025) Sequential and long-term therapy for osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 23(1):15","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"7855_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761981","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761981","volume":"12","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Cui W, Li X, Yang H (2021) Interaction between commensal bacteria, immune response and the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 12:761981","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"7855_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133859","volume":"276","author":"C Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang C, Li J, Luo M, Zhou W, Xing J, Yang Y et al (2024) Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on intestinal immunity: an integrated study of network pharmacology, molecular dynamics and in vivo experiments. Int J Biol Macromol 276(Pt 2):133859","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7855_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.90","volume":"12","author":"EF Verdu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verdu EF, Galipeau HJ, Jabri B (2015) Novel players in coeliac disease pathogenesis: role of the gut microbiota. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(9):497\u2013506","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00469-6","volume":"21","author":"C Quin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quin C, Breznik JA, Kennedy AE, Dejong EN, Andary CM, Ermolina S et al (2024) Monocyte-driven inflamm-aging reduces intestinal barrier function in females. Immun Ageing 21(1):65","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"7855_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.139581","volume":"295","author":"M Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang M, Sun J, Zhao H, Liu Y, Tang Z, Wen Y et al (2025) Alginate oligosaccharides relieve estrogen-deprived osteosarcopenia by affecting intestinal Th17 differentiation and systemic inflammation through the manipulation of bile acid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 295:139581","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07836-z","volume":"8","author":"Y Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Y, Huang S, Li M, Yang Y, Ma J, Xie R et al (2025) Maternal high-fat diet disrupts intestinal mucus barrier of offspring by regulating gut immune receptor LRRC19. Commun Biol 8(1):420","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7855_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10986","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c19742","volume":"17","author":"D Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang D, Jiang Q, Li P, Yu C, Yuan R, Dong Z et al (2025) Orally administrated precision nanomedicine for restoring the intestinal barrier and alleviating inflammation in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 17(7):10986\u201311001","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01026-5","volume":"47","author":"R Okumura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Okumura R, Takeda K (2024) The role of the mucosal barrier system in maintaining gut symbiosis to prevent intestinal inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 47(1):2","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7855_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128521","volume":"129","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaiss MM, Jones RM, Schett G, Pacifici R (2019) The gut-bone axis: how bacterial metabolites bridge the distance. J Clin Invest 129(8):3018\u20133028","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437247","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2437247","volume":"17","author":"XQ Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng XQ, Wang DB, Jiang YR, Song CL (2025) Gut microbiota and microbial metabolites for osteoporosis. Gut Microbes 17(1):2437247","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"6","key":"7855_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86062","volume":"126","author":"JY Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li JY, Chassaing B, Tyagi AM, Vaccaro C, Luo T, Adams J et al (2016) Sex steroid deficiency-associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics. J Clin Invest 126(6):2049\u20132063","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1513724","volume":"374","author":"DM Black","year":"2016","unstructured":"Black DM, Rosen CJ (2016) Clinical practice. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 374(3):254\u2013262","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7855_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groschwitz KR, Hogan SP (2009) Intestinal barrier function: molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124(1):3\u201320; quiz 1\u20132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.038"},{"key":"7855_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052506","author":"T Paradis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paradis T, B\u00e8gue H, Basmaciyan L, Dalle F, Bon F (2021) Tight junctions as a key for pathogens invasion in intestinal epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22052506","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12182","volume":"260","author":"T Pelaseyed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pelaseyed T, Bergstr\u00f6m JH, Gustafsson JK, Ermund A, Birchenough GM, Sch\u00fctte A et al (2014) The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system. Immunol Rev 260(1):8\u201320","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"7855_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134092","author":"A Shieh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shieh A, Epeldegui M, Karlamangla AS, Greendale GA (2020) Gut permeability, inflammation, and bone density across the menopause transition. JCI Insight. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.134092","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-020-00629-9","volume":"19","author":"JK Knudsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knudsen JK, Leutscher P, S\u00f8rensen S (2021) Gut microbiota in bone health and diabetes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 19(4):462\u2013479","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"7855_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325520","volume":"72","author":"LDC Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez LDC, Ngo PA, Pradhan R, Becker LS, Boehringer D, Soteriou D et al (2023) Epithelial RAC1-dependent cytoskeleton dynamics controls cell mechanics, cell shedding and barrier integrity in intestinal inflammation. Gut 72(2):275\u2013294","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"7855_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120847","volume":"306","author":"G Livshits","year":"2022","unstructured":"Livshits G, Kalinkovich A (2022) Targeting chronic inflammation as a potential adjuvant therapy for osteoporosis. Life Sci 306:120847","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"7855_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021470","author":"N Di Tommaso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Tommaso N, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR (2023) The gut-vascular barrier as a new protagonist in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24021470","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926190","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2021.1926190","volume":"9","author":"AA Scalise","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scalise AA, Kakogiannos N, Zanardi F, Iannelli F, Giannotta M (2021) The blood-brain and gut-vascular barriers: from the perspective of claudins. Tissue Barriers 9(3):1926190","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"7855_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allam-Ndoul B, Castonguay-Paradis S, Veilleux A (2020) Gut microbiota and intestinal trans-epithelial permeability. Int J Mol Sci 21(17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21176402","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176402"},{"issue":"6262","key":"7855_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0135","volume":"350","author":"I Spadoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spadoni I, Zagato E, Bertocchi A, Paolinelli R, Hot E, Di Sabatino A et al (2015) A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria. Science 350(6262):830\u2013834","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"7855_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.03.004","volume":"39","author":"A Bertocchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bertocchi A, Carloni S, Ravenda PS, Bertalot G, Spadoni I, Lo Cascio A et al (2021) Gut vascular barrier impairment leads to intestinal bacteria dissemination and colorectal cancer metastasis to liver. Cancer Cell 39(5):708\u201324.e11","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"7855_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103292","volume":"148","author":"B Peter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peter B, Rebeaud J, Vigne S, Bressoud V, Phillips N, Ruiz F et al (2024) Perivascular B cells link intestinal angiogenesis to immunity and to the gut-brain axis during neuroinflammation. J Autoimmun 148:103292","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2023.2291679","volume":"62","author":"A Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng A, Su S, Li C, Kang Y, Qiu J, Zhou J (2024) Berberine decreases S100B generation to regulate gut vascular barrier permeability in mice with burn injury. Pharm Biol 62(1):53\u201361","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000449","volume":"30","author":"IE Adamopoulos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adamopoulos IE (2018) Inflammation in bone physiology and pathology. Curr Opin Rheumatol 30(1):59\u201364","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"7855_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929690","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.929690","volume":"13","author":"J Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma J, Kitaura H, Ogawa S, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A et al (2022) Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits TNF-\u03b1-induced osteoclast formation and orthodontic tooth movement through GPR120. Front Immunol 13:929690","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1582-3","volume":"20","author":"S Jo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jo S, Wang SE, Lee YL, Kang S, Lee B, Han J et al (2018) IL-17A induces osteoblast differentiation by activating JAK2\/STAT3 in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 20(1):115","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"7855_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115077","volume":"201","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen S, Xiang H, Wang X, Xiao J, Zhao S et al (2022) S1PR2\/RhoA\/ROCK1 pathway promotes inflammatory bowel disease by inducing intestinal vascular endothelial barrier damage and M1 macrophage polarization. Biochem Pharmacol 201:115077","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7855_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167871","volume":"1871","author":"S Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu S, Lv C, Wu P, Li H, Liu L, Zhao K et al (2025) Endothelial progenitor cells improve intestinal homeostasis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1871(6):167871","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"7855_CR36","first-page":"293","volume":"51","author":"B Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian B, Wang H, Zhang Y, Lv J, Li D, Zhou C et al (2025) Tryptophan-producing bacteria to mitigate osteoporosis and intestinal dysfunction. Bioact Mater 51:293\u2013305","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"7855_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112715","volume":"202","author":"X Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang X, Xiao R, Liu B, Xie B, Yang Z (2025) The causal relationship of inflammation-related factors with osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Exp Gerontol 202:112715","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7855_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202050047","volume":"21","author":"MC Funk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Funk MC, Zhou J, Boutros M (2020) Ageing, metabolism and the intestine. EMBO Rep 21(7):e50047","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.01.006","volume":"45","author":"M Bemark","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bemark M, Pitcher MJ, Dionisi C, Spencer J (2024) Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity. Trends Immunol 45(3):211\u2013223","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42469-y","volume":"14","author":"Q Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Q, Stadtmueller BM (2023) SIgA structures bound to Streptococcus pyogenes M4 and human CD89 provide insights into host-pathogen interactions. Nat Commun 14(1):6726","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7855_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.08.003","volume":"56","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Palm NW (2020) Immunoglobulin A and the microbiome. Curr Opin Microbiol 56:89\u201396","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7855_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0126-x","volume":"50","author":"C Chelakkot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chelakkot C, Ghim J, Ryu SH (2018) Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications. Exp Mol Med 50(8):1\u20139","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"7855_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2024.112339","volume":"593","author":"JG Nwako","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nwako JG, Mccauley HA (2024) Enteroendocrine cells regulate intestinal homeostasis and epithelial function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 593:112339","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7855_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.96","volume":"13","author":"J Pott","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pott J, Hornef M (2012) Innate immune signalling at the intestinal epithelium in homeostasis and disease. EMBO Rep 13(8):684\u2013698","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"7855_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020005957","volume":"136","author":"J Norona","year":"2020","unstructured":"Norona J, Apostolova P, Schmidt D, Ihlemann R, Reischmann N, Taylor G et al (2020) Glucagon-like peptide 2 for intestinal stem cell and Paneth cell repair during graft-versus-host disease in mice and humans. Blood 136(12):1442\u20131455","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.32","volume":"8","author":"GM Birchenough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Birchenough GM, Johansson ME, Gustafsson JK, Bergstr\u00f6m JH, Hansson GC (2015) New developments in goblet cell mucus secretion and function. Mucosal Immunol 8(4):712\u2013719","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"8009","key":"7855_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07251-0","volume":"628","author":"Y Gu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gu Y, Bartolom\u00e9-Casado R, Xu C, Bertocchi A, Janney A, Heuberger C et al (2024) Immune microniches shape intestinal T(reg) function. Nature 628(8009):854\u2013862","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.023","volume":"164","author":"I Gabanyi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabanyi I, Muller PA, Feighery L, Oliveira TY, Costa-Pinto FA, Mucida D (2016) Neuro-immune interactions drive tissue programming in intestinal macrophages. Cell 164(3):378\u2013391","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"7855_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mog.0000181710.96904.58","volume":"21","author":"JH Niess","year":"2005","unstructured":"Niess JH, Reinecker HC (2005) Lamina propria dendritic cells in the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 21(6):687\u2013691","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"7855_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27634","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27634","volume":"6","author":"T Ochi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ochi T, Feng Y, Kitamoto S, Nagao-Kitamoto H, Kuffa P, Atarashi K et al (2016) Diet-dependent, microbiota-independent regulation of IL-10-producing lamina propria macrophages in the small intestine. Sci Rep 6:27634","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"7855_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-021-01675-z","volume":"26","author":"R Papa-Gobbi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papa-Gobbi R, Muglia CI, Rocca A, Curciarello R, Sambuelli AM, Yantorno M et al (2021) Spatiotemporal regulation of galectin-1-induced T-cell death in lamina propria from Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Apoptosis 26(5\u20136):323\u2013337","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"7855_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-070119-115104","volume":"38","author":"H Kayama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kayama H, Okumura R, Takeda K (2020) Interaction between the microbiota, epithelia, and immune cells in the intestine. Annu Rev Immunol 38:23\u201348","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"7855_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112151","volume":"133","author":"J Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong J, Luo F, Du X, Xian F, Li X (2024) The immune cells in modulating osteoclast formation and bone metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 133:112151","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"7875","key":"7855_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03795-7","volume":"597","author":"TH Ambrosi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ambrosi TH, Marecic O, Mcardle A, Sinha R, Gulati GS, Tong X et al (2021) Aged skeletal stem cells generate an inflammatory degenerative niche. Nature 597(7875):256\u2013262","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7855_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S423819","volume":"16","author":"K Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu K, Shang Z, Yang X, Zhang Y, Cao L (2023) Macrophage polarization and the regulation of bone immunity in bone homeostasis. J Inflamm Res 16:3563\u20133580","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"7855_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218019120","volume":"120","author":"Z Stavre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stavre Z, Kim JM, Yang YS, N\u00fcndel K, Chaugule S, Sato T et al (2023) Schnurri-3 inhibition suppresses bone and joint damage in models of rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 120(19):e2218019120","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05082-1","volume":"22","author":"Y Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Y, Lin S, Wang H, Wang L, Qiu Y, Zhang F et al (2024) Regulatory role of PI16 in autoimmune arthritis and intestinal inflammation: implications for Treg cell differentiation and function. J Transl Med 22(1):327","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"7855_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhardwaj A, Sapra L, Madan D, Ahuja V, Sharma HP, Velpandian T et al (2025) Gut-resident regulatory T cells (GTregs) play a pivotal role in maintaining bone health under postmenopausal osteoporotic conditions. J Leukoc Biol 117(4):qiaf008","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiaf008"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100881","volume":"4","author":"J Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo J, Wang F, Hu Y, Luo Y, Wei Y, Xu K et al (2023) Exosome-based bone-targeting drug delivery alleviates impaired osteoblastic bone formation and bone loss in inflammatory bowel diseases. Cell Rep Med 4(1):100881","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7855_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306947","volume":"64","author":"T Ciucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ciucci T, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez L, Boucoiran A, Birgy-Barelli E, P\u00e8ne J, Abou-Ezzi G et al (2015) Bone marrow Th17 TNF\u03b1 cells induce osteoclast differentiation, and link bone destruction to IBD. Gut 64(7):1072\u20131081","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"7855_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.176","volume":"46","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Krogh K, Rejnmark L, Laurberg S, Mosekilde L (2000) Fracture risk is increased in Crohn\u2019s disease, but not in ulcerative colitis. Gut 46(2):176\u2013181","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50106","volume":"124","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bernstein CN, Leslie WD, Leboff MS (2003) AGA technical review on osteoporosis in gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology 124(3):795\u2013841","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"7855_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.003","volume":"34","author":"Y Wada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wada Y, Hisamatsu T, Naganuma M, Matsuoka K, Okamoto S, Inoue N et al (2015) Risk factors for decreased bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr 34(6):1202\u20131209","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"7855_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310007873","volume":"39","author":"J Jahnsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jahnsen J, Falch JA, Mowinckel P, Aadland E (2004) Bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based prospective two-year follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 39(2):145\u2013153","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"35","key":"7855_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i35.5362","volume":"26","author":"S K\u00e4rnsund","year":"2020","unstructured":"K\u00e4rnsund S, Lo B, Bendtsen F, Holm J, Burisch J (2020) Systematic review of the prevalence and development of osteoporosis or low bone mineral density and its risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 26(35):5362\u20135374","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02496-4","volume":"21","author":"HY Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin HY, Lim JS, Lee Y, Choi Y, Oh SH, Kim KM et al (2021) Growth, puberty, and bone health in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Pediatr 21(1):35","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"7855_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102528","volume":"58","author":"A Brandt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brandt A, Baumann A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Arriaga A, Jung F, Nier A, Staltner R et al (2022) Impairments of intestinal arginine and NO metabolisms trigger aging-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction and \u2018inflammaging.\u2019 Redox Biol 58:102528","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50198-z","volume":"15","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Huang Y, Li H, Xu P, Liu Q, Sun Y et al (2024) B3galt5 functions as a PXR target gene and regulates obesity and insulin resistance by maintaining intestinal integrity. Nat Commun 15(1):5919","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07904-1","volume":"25","author":"Z Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Z, Liu Y, Shen W, Yang J, Wang T, Li Y et al (2024) Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is associated with disturbances in gut microbiota and migration of peripheral immune cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 25(1):791","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7855_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.11.001","volume":"180","author":"D Qiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiao D, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Qian X, Zhang H et al (2020) Association of obesity with bone mineral density and osteoporosis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 180:22\u201328","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"7402","key":"7855_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053","volume":"486","author":"T Yatsunenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M et al (2012) Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature 486(7402):222\u2013227","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"7855_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","volume":"474","author":"E Thursby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thursby E, Juge N (2017) Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 474(11):1823\u20131836","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"12","key":"7855_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.102026","volume":"7","author":"R Abdulqadir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdulqadir R, Engers J, Al-Sadi R (2023) Role of Bifidobacterium in modulating the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier: current knowledge and perspectives. Curr Dev Nutr 7(12):102026","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1826746","volume":"13","author":"L Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan L, Qi Y, Qu S, Chen X, Li A, Hendi M et al (2021) B. adolescentis ameliorates chronic colitis by regulating Treg\/Th2 response and gut microbiota remodeling. Gut Microbes 13(1):1\u201317","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"9","key":"7855_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0367-2","volume":"18","author":"WE Ruff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruff WE, Greiling TM, Kriegel MA (2020) Host-microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 18(9):521\u2013538","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120006916","volume":"80","author":"C Martin-Gallausiaux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin-Gallausiaux C, Marinelli L, Blotti\u00e8re HM, Larraufie P, Lapaque N (2021) SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut. Proc Nutr Soc 80(1):37\u201349","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"7855_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122829","volume":"349","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Ji W, Qin H, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Zhou Z et al (2025) Astragalus polysaccharides alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by restoring SCFA production and regulating Th17\/Treg cell homeostasis in a microbiota-dependent manner. Carbohydr Polym 349(Pt A):122829","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1788899","volume":"12","author":"F Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong F, Hao F, Murray IA, Smith PB, Koo I, Tindall AM et al (2020) Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity. Gut Microbes 12(1):1\u201324","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"7855_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.013","volume":"91","author":"S Westfall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Westfall S, Caracci F, Zhao D, Wu QL, Frolinger T, Simon J et al (2021) Microbiota metabolites modulate the T helper 17 to regulatory T cell (Th17\/Treg) imbalance promoting resilience to stress-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 91:350\u2013368","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"7855_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1588","volume":"27","author":"K Sj\u00f6gren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren K, Engdahl C, Henning P, Lerner UH, Tremaroli V, Lagerquist MK et al (2012) The gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice. J Bone Miner Res 27(6):1357\u20131367","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"7855_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.08.003","volume":"37","author":"YW Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Lu PP, Dai GC, Zhang M et al (2022) Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates bone loss in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic function. J Orthop Translat 37:46\u201360","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"7855_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112341","volume":"136","author":"R Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng R, Wang Q, Yu T, Hu H, Wu G, Duan X et al (2024) Quercetin ameliorates bone loss in OVX rats by modulating the intestinal flora-SCFAs-inflammatory signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol 136:112341","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492378","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2492378","volume":"17","author":"L Sapra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sapra L, Saini C, Mishra PK, Garg B, Gupta S, Manhas V et al (2025) Bacillus coagulans ameliorates inflammatory bone loss in post-menopausal osteoporosis via modulating the \u201cgut-immune-bone\u201d axis. Gut Microbes 17(1):2492378","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"7855_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1091083","volume":"13","author":"RK Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang RK, Yan K, Chen HF, Zhang Y, Li GJ, Chen XG et al (2023) Anti-osteoporotic drugs affect the pathogenesis of gut microbiota and its metabolites: a clinical study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1091083","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"7855_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373013","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1373013","volume":"15","author":"N Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li N, Wang H, Pei H, Wu Y, Li L, Ren Y et al (2024) Genus_Ruminococcus and order_Burkholderiales affect osteoporosis by regulating the microbiota-gut-bone axis. Front Microbiol 15:1373013","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7855_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2200344","volume":"23","author":"R Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang R, Liu P, Bai Y, Huang J, Pan R, Li H et al (2022) Changes in the gut microbiota of osteoporosis patients based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 23(12):1002\u20131013","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"7855_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00223","volume":"6","author":"K De Punder","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Punder K, Pruimboom L (2015) Stress induces endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation by increasing barrier permeability. Front Immunol 6:223","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7855_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13101260","author":"R Carnevale","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carnevale R, Nocella C, Marocco R, Zuccal\u00e0 P, Carraro A, Picchio V et al (2024) Association between NOX2-mediated oxidative stress, low-grade endotoxemia, hypoalbuminemia, and clotting activation in COVID-19. Antioxidants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13101260","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"7855_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1286","volume":"86","author":"C Erridge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erridge C, Attina T, Spickett CM, Webb DJ (2007) A high-fat meal induces low-grade endotoxemia: evidence of a novel mechanism of postprandial inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 86(5):1286\u20131292","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"7855_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115001","volume":"289","author":"T Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong T, Zheng X, Zhang K, Wu H, Dong Y, Zhou F et al (2022) Ganluyin ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the enteric-origin LPS\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 289:115001","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13636-x","volume":"10","author":"M Jeljeli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeljeli M, Riccio LGC, Doridot L, Ch\u00eane C, Nicco C, Chouzenoux S et al (2019) Trained immunity modulates inflammation-induced fibrosis. Nat Commun 10(1):5670","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"7855_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01361-x","volume":"69","author":"X Tong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tong X, Zhang J, Li J (2020) LPS-induced inflammation disorders bone modeling and remodeling by inhibiting angiogenesis and disordering osteogenesis in chickens. Inflamm Res 69(8):765\u2013777","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1858","volume":"100","author":"K Heikkil\u00e4","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heikkil\u00e4 K, Pearce J, M\u00e4ki M, Kaukinen K (2015) Celiac disease and bone fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(1):25\u201334","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"7855_CR94","first-page":"e5810","volume":"11","author":"DF Hidalgo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hidalgo DF, Boonpheng B, Phemister J, Hidalgo J, Young M (2019) Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of osteoporotic fractures: a meta-analysis. Cureus 11(9):e5810","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/168684","volume":"33","author":"L Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao L, Mu S, Yin J, Liu J (2024) A meta-analysis of the risk of osteoporotic fractures in inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Clin Exp Med 33(4):327\u2013333","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7855_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1491","volume":"56","author":"PD Cani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D et al (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56(7):1761\u20131772","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"7855_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.014","volume":"40","author":"C Del Bo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Del Bo C, Bernardi S, Cherubini A, Porrini M, Gargari G, Hidalgo-Liberona N et al (2021) A polyphenol-rich dietary pattern improves intestinal permeability, evaluated as serum zonulin levels, in older subjects: the MaPLE randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 40(5):3006\u20133018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"7855_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03096-2","volume":"30","author":"JN Farr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farr JN, Atkinson EJ, Achenbach SJ, Volkman TL, Tweed AJ, Vos SJ et al (2024) Effects of intermittent senolytic therapy on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Nat Med 30(9):2605\u20132612","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"7855_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115616","volume":"142","author":"M Narisawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narisawa M, Kubo S, Okada Y, Yamagata K, Nakayamada S, Sakata K et al (2021) Human dendritic cell-derived osteoclasts with high bone resorption capacity and T cell stimulation ability. Bone 142:115616","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"7855_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1026574","volume":"13","author":"ML Garcia-Hernandez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia-Hernandez ML, Rangel-Moreno J, Garcia-Castaneda M, Kenney HM, Paine A, Thullen M et al (2022) Dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein is required for synovitis and bone resorption in inflammatory arthritis. Front Immunol 13:1026574","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7855_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101819-025146","volume":"39","author":"X Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin X, Chen S, Eisenbarth SC (2021) Dendritic cell regulation of T helper cells. Annu Rev Immunol 39:759\u2013790","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2019.19.e27","volume":"19","author":"KW Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KW, Kim HR, Kim BM, Won JY, Lee KA, Lee SH (2019) Intravenous immunoglobulin controls Th17 cell-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Immune Netw 19(4):e27","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"7855_CR103","first-page":"866","volume":"123","author":"J Kikuta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kikuta J, Wada Y, Kowada T, Wang Z, Sun-Wada GH, Nishiyama I et al (2013) Dynamic visualization of RANKL and Th17-mediated osteoclast function. J Clin Invest 123(2):866\u2013873","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"7855_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171507","author":"W Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong W, Neugebauer J, Pathak JL, Li X, Pals G, Zillikens MC et al (2024) Functional insights in PLS3-mediated osteogenic regulation. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13171507","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"7855_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13898","volume":"51","author":"J Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao J, Wang Z, Yang Y, Yu X, Yuan W, Sun W et al (2024) Interleukin-17 alleviates erastin-induced alveolar bone loss by suppressing ferroptosis via interaction between NRF2 and p-STAT3. J Clin Periodontol 51(2):233\u2013250","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7855_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43716","volume":"10","author":"YJ Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu YJ, Tang B, Wang FC, Tang L, Lei YY, Luo Y et al (2020) Parthenolide ameliorates colon inflammation through regulating Treg\/Th17 balance in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Theranostics 10(12):5225\u20135241","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"7855_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155816","volume":"132","author":"YJ Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong YJ, Zhang YP, Jiang XF, Xie ZY, Li B, Jiang NH et al (2024) Beneficial effects of Dendrobium officinale National Herbal Drink on metabolic immune crosstalk via regulate SCFAs-Th17\/Treg. Phytomedicine 132:155816","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"7855_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.07.006","volume":"17","author":"H Le","year":"2024","unstructured":"Le H, Wang Y, Zhou J, Li D, Gong Z, Zhu F et al (2024) Git2 deficiency promotes MDSCs recruitment in intestine via NF-\u03baB-CXCL1\/CXCL12 pathway and ameliorates necrotizing enterocolitis. Mucosal Immunol 17(5):1060\u20131071","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7855_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13982","volume":"51","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Ye LJ, Dai YW, Wang HW, Gao J, Shen YH et al (2024) Single-cell analysis reveals a unique microenvironment in peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol 51(12):1665\u20131676","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7855_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778078","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.778078","volume":"12","author":"Y Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun Y, Li J, Xie X, Gu F, Sui Z, Zhang K et al (2021) Macrophage-osteoclast associations: origin, polarization, and subgroups. Front Immunol 12:778078","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7855_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664871","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.664871","volume":"12","author":"Y Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao Y, Cai X, Ren F, Ye Y, Wang F, Zheng C et al (2021) The macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity and osteo-related diseases. Front Immunol 12:664871","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.03.002","volume":"21","author":"N Thevaranjan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thevaranjan N, Puchta A, Schulz C, Naidoo A, Szamosi JC, Verschoor CP et al (2017) Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe 21(4):455\u201366.e4","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01233-y","volume":"22","author":"X Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng X, Asadi-Asadabad S, Cao S, Song R, Lin Z, Safhi M et al (2025) Metabolic rewiring controlled by HIF-1\u03b1 tunes IgA-producing B-cell differentiation and intestinal inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 22(1):54\u201367","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"7855_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2025.111708","volume":"131","author":"RF Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei RF, Chen XY, Zhou JH, Zhang Y, Xie PY, Teng YL et al (2025) Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals B cell dynamics and osteoclast activation in Talaromycosis-related bone destruction. Cell Signal 131:111708","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"7855_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabil AK, Liu LT, Xu C, Nayyar N, Gonz\u00e1lez L, Chopra S et al (2025) Microbial dysbiosis sculpts a systemic ILC3\/IL-17 axis governing lung inflammatory responses and central hematopoiesis. Mucosal Immunol 18(5):1139-1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.07.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.301","volume":"36","author":"JP Brown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown JP (2021) Long-term treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 36(3):544\u2013552","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03448-7","volume":"24","author":"X Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie X, Song J, Wu Y, Li M, Guo W, Li S et al (2024) Study on gut microbiota and metabolomics in postmenopausal women. BMC Womens Health 24(1):608","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"7855_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-024-01545-z","volume":"42","author":"R Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu R, Wu J, Jin H, Ma H, Huang H, Xu W et al (2024) Olink and gut microbial metabolomics reveal new biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of PMOP. J Bone Miner Metab 42(5):503\u2013515","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"7855_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122688","volume":"15","author":"M Lecomte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lecomte M, Tomassi D, Rizzoli R, Tenon M, Berton T, Harney S et al (2023) Effect of a hop extract standardized in 8-prenylnaringenin on bone health and gut microbiome in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a one-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients 15(12):2688","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab194","volume":"114","author":"Z Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Z, Chen K, Wu C, Chen J, Pan H, Liu Y et al (2021) An emerging role of Prevotella histicola on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss through the gut microbiota-bone axis in postmenopausal women and in ovariectomized mice. Am J Clin Nutr 114(4):1304\u20131313","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"7855_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114181","volume":"246","author":"Y Jin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jin Y, Gao XY, Zhao J, Tian WS, Zhang YL, Tian EJ et al (2022) Estrogen deficiency aggravates fluoride-induced small intestinal mucosa damage and junctional complexes proteins expression disorder in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 246:114181","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000499","volume":"78","author":"ME Diebel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diebel ME, Diebel LN, Manke CW, Liberati DM (2015) Estrogen modulates intestinal mucus physiochemical properties and protects against oxidant injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78(1):94\u201399","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-020-01048-5","volume":"39","author":"ZaW Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan ZaW, Shetty S, Pai GC, Acharya KKV, Nagaraja R (2020) Prevalence of low bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease and factors associated with it. Indian J Gastroenterol 39(4):346\u2013353","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7855_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115953","volume":"44","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang H, Guo J, Li L, Xie H, Zhang J, Zhang W et al (2025) FTO sumoylation regulates the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in inflammatory bowel disease-induced bone loss. Cell Rep 44(7):115953","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"7855_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.07.002","volume":"14","author":"CT Peek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peek CT, Ford CA, Eichelberger KR, Jacobse J, Torres TP, Maseda D et al (2022) Intestinal inflammation promotes MDL-1(+) osteoclast precursor expansion to trigger osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 14(4):731\u2013750","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7855_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10667","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010667","volume":"5","author":"E Biagi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, Ostan R, Bucci L, Pini E et al (2010) Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS ONE 5(5):e10667","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359677","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2359677","volume":"16","author":"E Bradley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bradley E, Haran J (2024) The human gut microbiome and aging. Gut Microbes 16(1):2359677","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"11","key":"7855_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.016","volume":"26","author":"E Biagi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biagi E, Franceschi C, Rampelli S, Severgnini M, Ostan R, Turroni S et al (2016) Gut microbiota and extreme longevity. Curr Biol 26(11):1480\u20131485","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"7855_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.11.017","volume":"75","author":"A Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li A, Kou R, Wang J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liu J et al (2025) 2\u2019-Fucosyllactose ameliorates aging-related osteoporosis by restoring gut microbial and innate immune homeostasis. J Adv Res 75:651\u2013662","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14343","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14343","volume":"24","author":"A Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li A, Kou R, Wang R, Wang J, Zhang B, Liu J et al (2025) 2\u2032-fucosyllactose attenuates aging-related metabolic disorders through modulating gut microbiome-T cell axis. Aging Cell 24(1):e14343","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"7855_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.10.013","volume":"49","author":"AM Tyagi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tyagi AM, Yu M, Darby TM, Vaccaro C, Li JY, Owens JA et al (2018) The microbial metabolite butyrate stimulates bone formation via T regulatory cell-mediated regulation of WNT10B expression. Immunity 49(6):1116-1131.e7","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02490-4","volume":"9","author":"S Lucas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lucas S, Omata Y, Hofmann J, B\u00f6ttcher M, Iljazovic A, Sarter K et al (2018) Short-chain fatty acids regulate systemic bone mass and protect from pathological bone loss. Nat Commun 9(1):55","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7855_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.03.001","volume":"122","author":"N Drabi\u0144ska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Drabi\u0144ska N, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Z\u0142otkowska D, Abramowicz P, Krupa-Kozak U (2019) Daily oligofructose-enriched inulin intake impacts bone turnover markers but not the cytokine profile in pediatric patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study. Bone 122:184\u2013192","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"7855_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0134","volume":"42","author":"T Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou T, Heianza Y, Chen Y, Li X, Sun D, Didonato JA et al (2019) Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and changes in bone density in response to weight loss diets: the POUNDS lost trial. Diabetes Care 42(8):1365\u20131371","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"7855_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04471-3","volume":"79","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang L, Zheng J, Sun G, Yang H, Sun X, Yao X et al (2022) 5-Aminosalicylic acid ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 79(8):460","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7855_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3747","volume":"12","author":"YJ Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li YJ, Zhang YW, Cao MM, Zhang RL, Wu MT, Rui YF et al (2024) The supplementation of Rothia as a potential preventive approach for bone loss in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Food Sci Nutr 12(1):340\u2013353","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"17","key":"7855_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8605","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.63749","volume":"11","author":"J Behera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Behera J, Ison J, Voor MJ, Tyagi N (2021) Probiotics stimulate bone formation in obese mice via histone methylations. Theranostics 11(17):8605\u20138623","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"7855_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13194","volume":"55","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Yang J, Zhuge A, Li L, Ni S (2022) Gut microbiota modulates osteoclast glutathione synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice subjected to ovariectomy. Cell Prolif 55(3):e13194","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"7855_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110448","volume":"129","author":"K Porwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Porwal K, Pal S, Kulkarni C, Singh P, Sharma S, Singh P et al (2020) A prebiotic, short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides promotes peak bone mass and maintains bone mass in ovariectomized rats by an osteogenic mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 129:110448","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"7855_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804210","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.804210","volume":"9","author":"JH Jhong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jhong JH, Tsai WH, Yang LC, Chou CH, Lee TY, Yeh YT et al (2022) Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 exerts antiosteoporotic effects by restoring the gut microbiota dysbiosis in ovariectomized mice. Front Nutr 9:804210","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"7855_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2024.109701","volume":"133","author":"BM Nosal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nosal BM, Thornton SN, Darooghegi Mofrad M, Sakaki JR, Mahoney KJ, Macdonald Z et al (2024) Blackcurrants shape gut microbiota profile and reduce risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis: evidence from a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 133:109701","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"7855_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193289","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1193289","volume":"10","author":"S Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu S, Yu S, Ma X, Wang R (2023) Medicine food homology\u201d plants promote periodontal health: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of bone resorption. Front Nutr 10:1193289","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"7855_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10837","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10837","volume":"7","author":"A Biruete","year":"2023","unstructured":"Biruete A, Chen NX, Metzger CE, Srinivasan S, O\u2019neill K, Fallen PB et al (2023) The dietary fiber inulin slows progression of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in a rat model of CKD. JBMR Plus 7(12):e10837","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"7855_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang R, Shen J, Han C, Shi X, Gong Y, Hu X et al (2025) Dietary fiber intake improves osteoporosis caused by chronic lead exposure by restoring the gut-bone axis. Nutrients 17(9):1513","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091513"},{"issue":"10","key":"7855_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202300514","volume":"8","author":"Y Bi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bi Y, Lv C, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Xu X, Yang S et al (2024) Effects of hawthorn flavonoids on intestinal microbial community and metabolic phenotype in obese rats. Adv Biol Weinh 8(10):e2300514","journal-title":"Adv Biol Weinh"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-026-07855-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-026-07855-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-026-07855-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:02:34Z","timestamp":1793048554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-026-07855-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["7855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-026-07855-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}