{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:13:12Z","timestamp":1788865992349,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Osteoporos Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-026-08001-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1775817909000},"page":"1309-1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adjusting fracture probability according to duration of diabetes: the Manitoba BMD Registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1056-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William D.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene V.","family":"McCloskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Kanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71908-9","volume":"10","author":"X Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X et al (2020) Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci Rep 10(1):14790","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8001_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16402-1","volume-title":"Diabetic bone disease","author":"B Lecka-Czernik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lecka-Czernik B, Fowlkes JL (2016) Diabetic bone disease. Springer International Publishing, Cham"},{"issue":"4","key":"8001_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R127","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0820","volume":"174","author":"FS Hough","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hough FS, Pierroz DD, Cooper C, Ferrari SL, Bone IC, Diabetes WG (2016) Mechanisms and evaluation of bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol 174(4):R127\u2013R138","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8001_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.09.002","volume":"23","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Strom O, Borgstrom F, Oden A (2009) How to decide who to treat. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 23(6):711\u2013726","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8001_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.153","volume":"13","author":"N Napoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Napoli N, Chandran M, Pierroz DD, Abrahamsen B, Schwartz AV, Ferrari SL et al (2017) Mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-induced bone fragility. Nat Rev Endocrinol 13(4):208\u2013219","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8001_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4650-2","volume":"29","author":"SL Ferrari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferrari SL, Abrahamsen B, Napoli N, Akesson K, Chandran M, Eastell R et al (2018) Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge. Osteoporos Int 29(12):2585\u201396","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"8001_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3538","volume":"33","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Kanis JA, Hans D (2018) Comparison of methods for improving fracture risk assessment in diabetes: the Manitoba BMD registry. J Bone Miner Res 33(11):1923\u20131930","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8001_CR8","first-page":"363","volume":"160","author":"THA Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan THA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Kanis JA, McCloskey E et al (2024) Assessment of fracture risk with FRAX and FRAXplus. Gac Med Mex 160(4):363\u2013373","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"key":"8001_CR9","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Diabetic bone disease: basic and translational research and clinical applications","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Hough S (2015) Fracture risk assessment in diabetes. In: Lecka-Czernik B, Fowlkes JL (eds) Diabetic bone disease: basic and translational research and clinical applications. Cham\u202f: Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45\u201359"},{"key":"8001_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3427","volume":"344","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2012) Derivation and validation of updated QFracture algorithm to predict risk of osteoporotic fracture in primary care in the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ 344:e3427","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"8001_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3118","volume":"98","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Aubry-Rozier B, Lamy O, Hans D, Manitoba Bone Density P (2013) TBS (trabecular bone score) and diabetes-related fracture risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(2):602\u20139","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"8001_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2569","volume":"101","author":"SR Majumdar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Majumdar SR, Leslie WD, Lix LM, Morin SN, Johansson H, Oden A et al (2016) Longer duration of diabetes strongly impacts fracture risk assessment: the Manitoba BMD cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101(11):4489\u201396","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"8001_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.25106","volume":"7","author":"M Zoulakis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zoulakis M, Johansson L, Litsne H, Axelsson K, Lorentzon M (2024) Type 2 diabetes and fracture risk in older women. JAMA Netw Open 7(8):e2425106","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"8001_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3435","volume":"33","author":"C Tebe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tebe C, Martinez-Laguna D, Moreno V, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A, Collins GS et al (2018) Differential mortality and the excess rates of hip fracture associated with type 2 diabetes: accounting for competing risks in fracture prediction matters. J Bone Miner Res 33(8):1417\u201321","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"8001_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116373","author":"A Sheu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sheu A, Bliuc D, Tran T, White CP, Center JR (2022) Fractures in type 2 diabetes confer excess mortality: the Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study. Bone. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116373","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"8001_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-20-1155","author":"M Behanova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Behanova M, Haschka J, Zwerina J, Wascher TC, Reichardt B, Klaushofer K et al (2021) The doubled burden of diabetic bone disease: hip fracture and post-hip fracture mortality. Eur J Endocrinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-20-1155","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8001_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05122-3","volume":"30","author":"C Tebe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tebe C, Martinez-Laguna D, Carbonell-Abella C, Reyes C, Moreno V, Diez-Perez A et al (2019) The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus, hip fracture, and post-hip fracture mortality: a multi-state cohort analysis. Osteoporos Int 30(12):2407\u201315","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"8001_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz048","author":"CM Madsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Madsen CM, Jantzen C, Norring-Agerskov D, Vojdeman FJ, Abrahamsen B, Lauritzen JB et al (2019) Excess mortality following hip fracture in patients with diabetes according to age: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 154,047 hip fracture patients. Age Ageing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afz048","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"8001_CR19","first-page":"3957","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen Q, Liang Y, Dong Y, Mo X, Zhang L et al (2019) Insulin use and fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of 138,690 patients. Exp Ther Med 17(5):3957\u201364","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"8001_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115457","volume":"137","author":"T Vilaca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vilaca T, Schini M, Harnan S, Sutton A, Poku E, Allen IE et al (2020) The risk of hip and non-vertebral fractures in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. Bone 137:115457","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"9596","key":"8001_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP et al (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 370(9596):1453\u20137","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.29.1.04","volume":"29","author":"LM Lix","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lix LM, Yogendran MS, Shaw SY, Burchill C, Metge C, Bond R (2008) Population-based data sources for chronic disease surveillance. Chronic Dis Can 29(1):31\u201338","journal-title":"Chronic Dis Can"},{"issue":"3","key":"8001_CR23","volume":"3","author":"LM Lix","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lix LM, Ayles J, Bartholomew S, Cooke CA, Ellison J, Emond V et al (2018) The Canadian chronic disease surveillance system: a model for collaborative surveillance. Int J Popul Data Sci 3(3):433","journal-title":"Int J Popul Data Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"8001_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18117","volume":"32","author":"AL Kozyrskyj","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kozyrskyj AL, Mustard CA (1998) Validation of an electronic, population-based prescription database. Ann Pharmacother 32(11):1152\u20131157","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"8001_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:6:3:275","volume":"6","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Metge C (2003) Establishing a regional bone density program: lessons from the Manitoba experience. J Clin Densitom 6(3):275\u2013282","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2023.01.001","volume":"26","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Hans D, Silva BC (2023) Fracture prediction from trabecular bone score is unaffected by anti-resorptive treatment: a registry-based cohort study. J Clin Densitom 26(1):10\u201315","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2022.12.002","volume":"26","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Hans D (2023) Trabecular bone score (TBS) cross-calibration for GE prodigy and IDXA scanners. J Clin Densitom 26(1):56\u201360","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"3","key":"8001_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1464-2","volume":"22","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Lix LM, Langsetmo L, Berger C, Goltzman D, Hanley DA et al (2011) Construction of a FRAX(R) model for the assessment of fracture probability in Canada and implications for treatment. Osteoporos Int 22(3):817\u2013827","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"8001_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.123","volume":"25","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey E, Kanis JA (2010) Independent clinical validation of a Canadian FRAX tool: fracture prediction and model calibration. J Bone Miner Res 25(11):2350\u20132358","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"8001_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1465-1","volume":"22","author":"LA Fraser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fraser LA, Langsetmo L, Berger C, Ioannidis G, Goltzman D, Adachi JD et al (2011) Fracture prediction and calibration of a Canadian FRAX(R) tool: a population-based report from CaMos. Osteoporos Int 22(3):829\u2013837","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"8001_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050093","volume":"8","author":"AC Looker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP et al (1998) Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int 8(5):468\u201389","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead676","volume":"64","author":"C Richards","year":"2025","unstructured":"Richards C, Stevens R, Lix LM, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Harvey NC et al (2025) Fracture prediction in rheumatoid arthritis: validation of FRAX with bone mineral density for incident major osteoporotic fractures. Rheumatology (Oxford) 64(1):228\u201334","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"6","key":"8001_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-9980-x","volume":"96","author":"EV McCloskey","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCloskey EV, Oden A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H et al (2015) Adjusting fracture probability by trabecular bone score. Calcif Tissue Int 96(6):500\u20139","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"8001_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-301","volume":"12","author":"LM Lix","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lix LM, Azimaee M, Osman BA, Caetano P, Morin S, Metge C et al (2012) Osteoporosis-related fracture case definitions for population-based administrative data. BMC Public Health 12:301","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00980-z","volume":"16","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Epp R, Morin SN, Lix LM (2021) Assessment of site-specific X-ray procedure codes for fracture ascertainment: a registry-based cohort study. Arch Osteoporos 16(1):107","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"issue":"3","key":"8001_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02219-9","volume":"47","author":"M Schini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schini M, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV (2024) An overview of the use of the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in osteoporosis. J Endocrinol Invest 47(3):501\u2013511","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"8001_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07588-w","author":"M Zoulakis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zoulakis M, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Axelsson KF, Litsne H, Johansson L et al (2025) Effect of FRAXplus adjustments on fracture risk reclassification in older Swedish women-results from the SUPERB-study. Osteoporos Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-025-07588-w","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03748-z","volume":"7","author":"E Losada-Grande","year":"2017","unstructured":"Losada-Grande E, Hawley S, Soldevila B, Martinez-Laguna D, Nogues X, Diez-Perez A et al (2017) Insulin use and excess fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a propensity-matched cohort analysis. Sci Rep 7(1):3781","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"8001_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06817-4","volume":"34","author":"E Shevroja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shevroja E, Reginster JY, Lamy O, Al-Daghri N, Chandran M, Demoux-Baiada AL et al (2023) Update on the clinical use of trabecular bone score (TBS) in the management of osteoporosis: results of an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) under the auspices of WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging. Osteoporos Int 34(9):1501\u201329","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"8001_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9195-5","volume":"84","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L (2009) Diabetes and its complications and their relationship with risk of fractures in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Calcif Tissue Int 84(1):45\u201355","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"8001_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz AV, Vittinghoff E, Sellmeyer DE, Feingold KR, de RN, Strotmeyer ES, et al (2008) Diabetes-related complications, glycemic control, and falls in older adults. Diabetes Care. 31(3):391\u20136","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1152"},{"issue":"6","key":"8001_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-022-00747-6","volume":"20","author":"DR Weber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weber DR, Long F, Zemel BS, Kindler JM (2022) Glycemic control and bone in diabetes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 20(6):379\u2013388","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"8001_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05934-2","author":"K Hidayat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hidayat K, Fang QL, Shi BM, Qin LQ (2021) Influence of glycemic control and hypoglycemia on the risk of fracture in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-021-05934-2","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"8001_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3851","volume":"34","author":"E Shevroja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shevroja E, Aubry-Rozier B, Hans G, Gonzalez- Rodriguez E, Stoll D, Lamy O et al (2019) Clinical performance of the updated trabecular bone score (TBS) algorithm, which accounts for the soft tissue thickness: the OsteoLaus study. J Bone Miner Res 34(12):2229\u20132237","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8001_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07421-4","volume":"36","author":"G Gatineau","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gatineau G, Hind K, Shevroja E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Lamy O, Hans D (2025) Advancing trabecular bone score (TBS): clinical performance of TBS version 4.0 with direct correction for soft tissue thickness-the osteolaus study. Osteoporos Int 36(4):715\u2013724","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Osteoporosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-026-08001-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00198-026-08001-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00198-026-08001-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:03:59Z","timestamp":1788865439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00198-026-08001-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["8001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-026-08001-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-941X","1433-2965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"WD Leslie and H Johannson report no competing interests.EV McCloskey has received consultancy\/lecture fees\/grant funding\/honoraria from AgNovos, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Consilient Healthcare, Fresenius Kabi, Gilead, GSK, Hologic, Internis, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Radius Health, Redx Oncology, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, UCB, ViiV, Warner Chilcott, and I3 Innovus.NC Harvey has received consultancy\/lecture fees\/honoraria\/grant funding from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, MSD, Eli Lilly, Radius Health, Servier, Shire, UCB, Consilient Healthcare, Kyowa Kirin, Theramex, and Internis Pharma.JA Kanis led the team that developed FRAX as director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases; he is a director of Osteoporosis Research Ltd that maintains FRAX.D Hans: Co-ownership in the TBS patent; stock options or royalties, Medimaps Group.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}