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Crude extracts from 49 epiphytic, 16 epigeic and 22 epilithic species of lichens and 44 secondary metabolites against 10 species,\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus candidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. ochraceus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. parasiticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. restrictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. stellatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. ustus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were analysed. Several measuring techniques were employed for such analyses. Lichen substances were extracted with alcoholic and other organic solvents mainly using the Soxhlet apparatus. Among the three most-studied mold species, the results showed that the crude extracts from the thalli of the lichens\n                    <jats:italic>Cladonia foliacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Hypotrachyna cirrhata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Leucodermia leucomelos<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Platismatia glauca<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudevernia furfuracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , from\n                    <jats:italic>C. foliacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nephroma arcticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Parmelia sulcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and from\n                    <jats:italic>Evernia prunastri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Hypogymnia physodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Umbilicaria cylindrica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Variospora dolomiticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>A. niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    have the greatest antifungal potential. The lichen secondary metabolites showed a higher inhibitory potential, e.g. protolichesterinic acid against\n                    <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , lecanoric acid against\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and orsellinic acid against\n                    <jats:italic>A. nige<\/jats:italic>\n                    r; the other seven species of\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been poorly studied and require further investigation. A comparison of the inhibitory potential of the tested mixtures of lichen substances and their secondary metabolites shows that they can compete with commonly used antifungal substances, such as ketoconazole and clotrimazole against\n                    <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. niger<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. parasiticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and fluconazole in the case of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-021-02649-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T03:03:53Z","timestamp":1640747033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Furmanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Czarnota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R. 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