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Although metagenomics is currently a widely used method for studying the human microbiota, it has certain limitations, such as a lack of information on bacterial viability. It is therefore important to use culture-based methods such as culturomics. Here, we used 35 different culture conditions to comprehensively characterize the vaginal bacterial diversity of a single woman's flora. A total of 206 bacterial species, belonging to six phyla (for a little more than half to <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>, followed mainly by <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>) and 45 families, and 2 fungal species were cultivated. While several species of lactobacilli have been isolated, a wide variety of other bacteria were also separated, including 65 never reported before in vaginal flora, including a new bacterial species, <jats:italic>Porphyromonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. Extensive culture-based methods are essential to establish a comprehensive, evidence-based repertoire of bacterial viability. If combined with molecular methods, they can provide a much more thorough understanding of the vaginal microbiota and fulfil the unknown part of metagenomic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03742-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T06:04:43Z","timestamp":1702533883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Culturomics reveals a hidden world of vaginal microbiota with the isolation of 206 bacteria from a single vaginal sample"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Abou Chacra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel","family":"Benatmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rim","family":"Iwaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Alibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Mediannikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bretelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3742_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105172","volume":"160","author":"L Abou Chacra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abou Chacra L, Fenollar F (2021) Exploring the global vaginal microbiome and its impact on human health. 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