{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:23:17Z","timestamp":1762273397851,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016112","name":"Universit\u00e0 di Foggia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016112","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In hospital environments, droplets generated by urination within shared toilets may represent a route of dissemination for bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic> (VREfm), which contributes significantly to the burden of hospital-acquired infections. We investigated the potential activity of a foam in preventing the generation of droplets containing <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. during urination. A uniform layer of foam was deposited in the inner walls and at the bottom of an experimental toilet contaminated with suspensions of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> strains (including a VREfm strain). Human urination was simulated, and colonies of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> were recovered through a toilet lid where agar plates had been placed. Results showed that the foam was able to suppress production of droplets containing <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. generated by a liquid hitting inner toilet walls. Conversely, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> colonies were recovered in absence of foam. Moreover, the foam did not show antibacterial activity. We propose a new non-antimicrobial approach aimed at limiting transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly in healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03775-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T13:02:21Z","timestamp":1704718941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Activity of a foam in preventing rebound of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium-containing droplets generated from the toilet bowl"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Felice","family":"Valzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita Daniela","family":"Coda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Marangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"La Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arcangelo","family":"Liso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15121","volume":"131","author":"SE Abney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abney SE, Bright KR, McKinney J et al (2021) Toilet hygiene-review and research needs. 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The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"57"}}